lecture 4

Question 1

What bones make up the wrist

Answer 1

Distal radius and ulna, carpal bones, and metacarpal bones

Question 2

What is the distal radio-ulnar joint

Answer 2

A pivot joint formed by the distal radius which fits into the ulnar notch at the head of the ulna

Question 3

What is the location of the triangular articular disc

Answer 3

connects the base of the radius to ulnar styloid process

Question 4

what does the triangular articular disc articulate with

Answer 4

Its proximal surface articulates with the head of the ulna while its distal surface articulates with the triquetral and lunate bones

Question 5

What are the two main roles of the triangular articular disc

Answer 5

stabilize the distal radioulnar joint, and allow rotational movement around the styloid process during pronation and supination

Question 6

What are the proximal carpal bones

Answer 6

Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform

Question 7

What are the distal carpal bones

Answer 7

trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

Question 8

What carpals does the base of the radius articulate with

Answer 8

scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum

Question 9

what is the midcarpal joint

Answer 9

complex joints between distal and proximal rows of carpal bones (except the pisiform)

Question 10

what are the movements of the wrist and carpal joints

Answer 10

1. flexion mostly at the midcarpal joint 2. extension mostly at the radio carpal joint 3. abduction (radial deviation) limited by the radial styloid process 4. adduction (ulnar deviation) has great excursion

Question 11

Where is the radial collateral ligament and what does it do

Answer 11

It stretches from the styloid process of radius to the scaphoid and it limits ulnar deviation

Question 12

Where is the ulnar collateral ligament and what does it do

Answer 12

It stretches from the ulnar styloid to the triquetrum and pisiform. Its role is to limit abduction, or radial deviation.

Question 13

Where do the superficial muscles of the anterior forearm originate

Answer 13

CFO - Common flexor origin aka medial epicondyle

Question 14

What is the insertion and action of the palmaris longus

Answer 14

Insertion: palmar aponeurosis
Action: wrist flexion

Question 15

What is the insertion and action of the pronator teres

Answer 15

Insertion: radius
Action: pronate forearm

Question 16

What is the insertion and action of the flexor carpi radialis

Answer 16

Insertion: MC 2,3
Action: flex and radially deviate wrist

Question 17

What is the insertion and action of the flexor carpi ulnaris

Answer 17

Insertion: MC 5
Action: flex and ulnarly deviates the wrist

Question 18

Where does the pisiform bone develop

Answer 18

Within the tendon of the flexor carpi ulnaris. This is called a sesamoid bone

Question 19

What is the origin, insertion and action of the flexor digitorum superficialis

Answer 19

Origin: CFO, Radius, and ulna
Insertion: middle phalanges of 2-5
action: flexes fingers

Question 20

what is the origin, insertion, and action of the flexor digitorum profundus

Answer 20

origin: Ulna
insertion: distal phalanges of 2-5
action: flexes fingers

Question 21

What is the innervation of the flexor digitorum profundus

Answer 21

median n. to the radial half, ulnar n. to the ulnar half

Question 22

What is the origin and insertion of the flexor pollicis longus

Answer 22

origin: radius
insertion: distal phalanx of thumb

Question 23

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the pronator quadratus

Answer 23

Origin: ulna

insertion: radius
action: pronate forearm

Question 24

How are the finger insertions of the long flexors positioned relative to one another

Answer 24

The flexor digitorum S. splits its tendons and insert distally to the PIP. The FDP passes through the FDS to insert distally to the DIP

Question 25

What does the median nerve innnervate

Answer 25

Pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, half of the flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus, pronator quadratus

Question 26

What is the location of the median nerve

Answer 26

Deep to the bicipital aponeurosis through the pronator trees down the center of the forearm deep to the flexor digitorum superficialis

Question 27

What does the ulnar nerve innervate

Answer 27

Flexor carpi ulnaris, half of the flexor digitorum profundus

Question 28

what is the location of the ulnar nerve

Answer 28

posterior to the medial epicondyle, through the flexor carpi ulnaris down the side of the forearm deep to the flexor carpi ulnaris

Question 29

Where are the common locations of ulnar nerve compression

Answer 29

When it's near the arcade of Struthers, in the cubital tunnel, or near the heads of the flexor carpi ulnaris

Question 30

What is the origin of the brachiolradialis, extensors carpi radialis longus and brevis, extensors digitorum and digit minima, and extensor carpis ulnaris

Answer 30

Origin: CEO aka supracondylar ridge

Question 31

What is the insertion and action of the brachioradialis

Answer 31

insertion: radius action: flexes elbow ad maintains half pronated position

Question 32

What is the insertion and action of extensors carpi radialis longus and brevis

Answer 32

insertion: MC 2,3 Action: extend and radially deviate wrist

Question 33

What is the insertion and action of the extensors digitorum and digiti minimi

Answer 33

Insertion: into extensor expansions over middle and distal phalanges Action: extend fingers

Question 34

What is the insertion and action of the carpi ulnaris

Answer 34

Insertion: MC 5 Action: extend wrist and ulnarly deviate

Question 35

What is the origin and insertion of the supinator

Answer 35

Origin: crest of the ulna, lateral epicondyle of humerus, radial collateral and annular ligaments insertion: Lateral surface of proximal radius

Question 36

What is the origin and insertion of the abductor pollicis longus

Answer 36

Origin: Posterior surface of middle third of ulna, radius and interosseous membrane Insertion: Base of first MC

Question 37

What is the origin and insertion of the extensor pollicis longis

Answer 37

Origin: Proximal surface of middle third of ulna and interosseous membrane Insertion: Base of distal phalanx of thumb

Question 38

What is the origin and insertion of the extensor pollicis brevis

Answer 38

Origin: Posterior surface of radius and interosseous membrane Insertion: base of proximal phalanx of thumb

Question 39

What is the origin and insertion or the extensor digiti indici

Answer 39

Origin: proximal surface of ulna and interosseous membrane Insertion: extensor expansion of second digit

Question 40

What does the radial nerve innnervate

Answer 40

All the nerves of the posterior forearm

Question 41

What is the extensor retinaculum

Answer 41

A CT sheet that holds down the extensor tendons

Question 42

What is a ganglion cyst

Answer 42

Fluid filled vesicle in the synovial sheath of extensor tendons

Question 43

What are extensor dorsal expansions

Answer 43

The extensor tendons broaden out over MCP joints, divide into 3 slips and insert onto middle and distal phalanges

Question 44

What is the function of CT slips

Answer 44

interconnects tendons to coordinate their actions

Question 45

What is the location of the radial nerve

Answer 45

Anterior to lateral epicondyle, deep to brachioradialis, it then branches and the deep branch goes to the posterior compartment while the superficial radial nerve goes to the dorsal skin, superficial to snuffbox tendons

Question 46

What tendons make up the anatomical snuffbox

Answer 46

Extensors pollicis longus and brevis, abductor pollicis longus

Question 47

What bones is the anatomical snuffbox a landmark for

Answer 47

Scaphoid, trapezium, and radial styloid process

Question 48

Where does the radial artery enter the hand

Answer 48

It crosses the floor of the anatomical snuffbox and passes between the first two metacarpal bones to enter the palm of the hand

Question 49

What moves during forearm pronation and supination

Answer 49

The radius rotates around the ulna within the annular ligament. The ulna shifts laterally via anconeus

Question 50

What is a common injury to the elbow joint

Answer 50

Nursemaids elbow: dislocation of the radial head from the annular ligament.