LECTURE 4 | Cartilage and Bone

Question 1

When does the Bone replaces cartilage?

Answer 1

In fetal and childhood periods

Question 2

What age does the normal growth stop?

Answer 2

Between 17-25 years old.

Question 3

Give the 10 location of Cartilage in Adults

Answer 3

1. External ear
2. Nose
3. Articular
4. Costal
5. Larynx
6. Epiglottis
7. Cartilaginous rings ( trachea and bronchi)
8. Intervertebral discs
9. Pubic symphysis
10. Articular discs

Question 4

Cartilage covering the ends of most bones and movable joints

Answer 4

Articular

Question 5

A cartilage that connects ribs to sternum

Answer 5

Costal

Question 6

Voice box

Answer 6

Larynx

Question 7

flap keeping food out of lungs

Answer 7

Epiglottis

Question 8

Cartilage:

e.g., meniscus in knee joint

Answer 8

Articular discs

Question 9

Pad-like cartilage in knee joint

Answer 9

Meniscus

Question 10

What kind of tissue is the Cartilage?

Answer 10

Connective tissue

Question 11

Types of cartilage that is flexible and Resilient

Answer 11

Hyaline Cartilage

Question 12

Cells that is responsible for the production of collagen and the extracellular matrix that will lead to the maintenance of cartilaginous tissues within joints.

Answer 12

Chondrocytes

Question 13

• Jellylike ground substance of complex sugar molecules
• 60-80% water (responsible for the resilience)
• No nerves or vessels

Answer 13

Chondrocytes

Question 14

• Chondrocytes
• Lacuna
• Collagen the only fiber

Answer 14

Hyaline Cartilage

Question 15

Types of cartilage that is:

• Highly bendable
• Matrix with elastic as well as collagen fibers

Answer 15

Elastic Cartilage

Question 16

Types of cartilage that can be found in Epiglottis, Larynx and Outer ear

Answer 16

Elastic Cartilage

Question 17

Types of cartilage that resist compression and tension

Answer 17

Fibrocartilage

Question 18

Types of cartilage that are rows of thick collagen fibers alternating with rows of chondrocytes (in matrix)

Answer 18

Fibrocartilage

Question 19

Types of cartilage that can be found in Knee menisci, and annulus fibrosis of intervertebral discs.

Answer 19

Fibrocartilage

Question 20

Growth of cartilage from outside

Answer 20

Appositional

Question 21

Growth of cartilage where Chondroblasts in perichondrium (external covering of cartilage) secrete matrix

Answer 21

Appositional

Question 22

Growth of cartilage from within

Answer 22

Interstitial

Question 23

Growth of cartilage where Chondrocytes within divide and secrete new matrix

Answer 23

Interstitial

Question 24

What happens to the growth of cartilage in late teens?

Answer 24

Cartilage stops growing in late teens

Question 25

What happens to the growth of cartilage in adults?

Answer 25

Regenerates poorly in adults

Question 26

Bones like other Connective tissues, cells separated by Extracellular matrix with collagen but also _____________.

Answer 26

Mineral crystals

Question 27

5 functions of the Bone

Answer 27

1. Support 2. Movement 3. Protection 4. Mineral Storage 5. Blood cell formation & energy storage

Question 28

Serves as the lever to move the body

Answer 28

Bone

Question 29

Skull protect?

Answer 29

Brain

Question 30

Vertebrae protect?

Answer 30

Spinal cord

Question 31

Rib cage protect?

Answer 31

Thoracic organs

Question 32

What minerals does the Bone store?

Answer 32

Calcium and phosphorus

Question 33

6 Classification of Bones by shape

Answer 33

1. Long bones 2. Short bones 3. Flat bones 4. Irregular bones 5. Pneumatized bones 6. Sesamoid bones

Question 34

5 Gross Anatomy of Bones

Answer 34

1. Compact bone 2. Spongy (trabecular) 3. Blood vessels 4. Medullary cavity 5. Membranes

Question 35

Classification of Bones that are tubular diaphysis or shaft

Answer 35

Long bones

Question 36

Bones: • Connective tissue membrane • Covers entire outer surface of bone except at epiphyses

Answer 36

Periosteum

Question 37

Two sublayers of Periosteum

Answer 37

✓ Outer fibrous layer ✓ Inner (deep) cellular osteogenic layer

Question 38

Osteoprogenitor cells: -bone depositing cells

Answer 38

Osteoblast

Question 39

Osteoprogenitor cells -bone destroying cells

Answer 39

Osteoclast

Question 40

• Covers the internal bone surface • Osteogenic

Answer 40

Endosteum

Question 41

Classification of Bones that are layers of lamellae and osteocytes

Answer 41

Spongy bone

Question 42

Classification of the bones that are: • Osteon: pillars • Lamellae: concentric tubes • Haversian canals • Osteocytes

Answer 42

Compact bone

Question 43

Formation of Bone

Answer 43

Osteogenesis

Question 44

"to turn into bone"

Answer 44

Ossification

Question 45

Bone development that forms directly from mesenchyme

Answer 45

Intramembranous ossification

Question 46

Bone development of all the ret of the bones

Answer 46

Endochondral ossification

Question 47

Disease that has these symptoms: •Loss of height •Easily broken bones •Pain and stiffness especially in spine

Answer 47

Osteoporosis