Lecture 5 Flashcards
(21 cards)
What are ARFs?
Any undesired response to a food regardless of mechanism
-umbrella term
What are other words for ARFs?
Food allergy/hypersensitivity
Food Intolerance
Food sensitivity
What is a food allergy/hypersensitivity?
Occurs when body’s immune system reacts inappropriately to
normally harmless substance in environment
Immunologically-based abnormal response to food
What is a food intolerance?
Abnormal reaction to food that is NOT immune-mediated
What is a food sensitivity?
unclear whether reaction is due to allergy or intolerance
Who commonly has more food allergies?
6% kids
3-4% adult
Increase in 18% in number of cases over 10 years (hygiene theory)
What are the contributing factors to food allergies?
Genetic Factors
-Family history of asthma, eczema, hives or allergies
Age: more common in young children
-Allergies can be outgrown
Presence of Other Allergies
Microbiome
Atopy: tendency to develop exaggerated IgE responses to
otherwise harmless environmental substances
- Usually includes eczema, allergic rhinitis, and asthma
What is rhinitis?
Runny nose
What is an antigen?
are any substances foreign to the body that evoke an immune response and that is capable of binding to an antibody
What are antibodies?
are proteins produced after stimulation by an antigen; can then bind the antigen and neutralize or destroy
-also called immunoglobulins
Ex. IgE
What are some adverse reactions to food allergies?
- Immediate vs delayed allergic responses
- IgE-mediated reactions
- Mixed IgE and non-IgE mediated reactions
- Non-IgE mediated reactions
What is sensitization?
Allergen enters body and the immune system produces allergen-specific IgE antibodies which are released into the blood and bind to mast cells
Once sensitized, potential allergic reaction when re-exposed to allergen which initiates an immune response
What is produced after an allergen exposure?
IgE antibodies
- Can be detected through blood or skin testing
What are mast cells?
Mast cells release inflammatory compounds, including histamine, which contribute to local inflammation and other allergy-associated symptoms
What are food allergy symptoms?
Unique to the person’s response to food
Symptoms of allergy can differ between individuals
Anaphylaxis
What is anaphylaxis?
Life-threatening IgE-
mediated allergic reaction
swelling (lips and face), vomiting, diarrhea, difficulty breathing, sudden-drop in blood pressure
requires epinephrine (Epipen or ALLERJECT) and medical treatment
What are skin rxns to food allergies?
Hives Swelling Itching Warmth Redness
What are respiratory rxns to food allergies?
Coughing Wheezing Shortness of breath Chest pain/ toughness Through tightness Trouble swallowing Hoarse voice Nasal congestion/hay fever like symptoms
What are gastrointestinal rxns to food allergies?
Nausea
Stomach pain/cramps
Vomiting
Diarrhea
What are cardiovascular rxns to food allergies?
Dizziness/lightheadedness Pale/blue colour Weak pulse Fainting Shock Loss of consciousness
What are neurological rxns to food allergies?
Anxiety
Feeling of impending doom
Headache
