Lecture 8 - Part 2 Flashcards
(30 cards)
What is BP?
Blood pressure: Measure of pressure or force of blood against the walls of blood vessels
• Necessary for blood flow, delivering nutrients and oxygen throughout the body
What numbers is BP expressed as?
• Systolic Pressure (top number)
- Represents the pressure on blood vessels when the heart contracts
• Diastolic Pressure (bottom number)
- Represents the pressure on blood vessels when the heart is relaxed between beats
What is HTN?
Hypertension
➢Persistently high arterial blood pressure
• Systolic blood pressure > 140 mm Hg and/or
diastolic blood pressure > 90 mm Hg
When is HTN diagnosed?
Diagnosed over period of time
What are the symptoms of HTN?
➢Usually there are no symptoms, it can be referred to as the SILENT KILLER
➢Affects ~23% of Canadian adults
What are the risk factors for HTN?
Age Ethnicity (south Asian, indigenous, black Canadians) Fam history Obesity ➢Diabetes ➢Stress ➢Excessive alcohol consumption ➢Cigarette smoking ➢Sedentary lifestyle ➢Inadequate vegetable and fruit intake ➢Inadequate milk and alternative intake
What is HTN a risk factor for??
oCerebrovascular disease oCoronary artery disease oHeart failure oRenal failure oPeripheral artery disease oDementia oAtrial fibrillation oRetinopathy
What is secondary HTN?
➢10% of people with HBP
➢Caused by identifiable, underlying medical problems
How do you manage HTN?
➢To prevent or control HBP with or without meds
➢A decrease of 10/5 mm Hg (from one medication or a change in lifestyle) reduces risk of developing serious HTN-related disease
How do you treat HTN?
Lower BP to clinically appropriate levels
Comprehensive plan for ◦ Weight reduction ◦ Physical activity ◦ Nutrition therapy ◦ Pharmacological interventions
What are the possible food drug interactions/side effects with thiazide diuretics?
Hypokalemia
What are the possible food drug interactions/side effects with ACE inhibitors?
-pril
hyperkalemia
Avoid: natural liquorice and salt substitutes
What do beta blocker meds end in?
lol
What are the possible food drug interactions/side effects with calcium channel blockers?
Avoid: natural liquorice, limit caffeine, avoid/limit alcohol
How do you assess the nutrition therapy for HTN?
Identify dietary factors and patterns
Evaluate need for weight control
Prioritize methods to meet D A S H dietary goals
What minerals do you have to be mindful of when you have HTN?
➢Na-containing meds (e.g. antacids)
➢K – wasting diuretics (e.g. Thiazides, Loop diuretics)
➢K food sources, suppl., salt substitutes
What is the DASH diet?
Dietary Approaches to Stop HTN • < 2300mg (100mmol) Na /d - Aim for 1500 mg (65mmol) • 6-8 servings of whole grains • 4-5 servings of vegetables daily • 4-5 servings of fruit daily • 2-3 servings of low-fat milk products daily • <6oz meats/poultry/fish daily • 4-5 servings nuts/sees/legumes weekly • Diet adequate in K, Ca, Mg • Reduce fat (2-3 tsp) & cholesterol intake • ≤ 5 Tbsp sweets weekly • Limit alcohol
What kind of relationship does Na and BP have?
As Na decreases BP decreases
If a product say sodium free or salt free what does that mean?
• < 5 mg Na per reference amount & serving of stated
size
• free of sodium, no sodium, 0 sodium, zero sodium, without sodium
• contains no sodium, free of salt, no salt, 0 salt, without salt, contains no salt
Doesn’t mean there no Na in it
What does it mean when a product has low Na or salt on the package?
• < or = to 140 mg Na per reference amount & serving of
stated size
What does it mean when a product has very low Na or salt on the package?
• < or= 35 mg Na / 100 g
What does it mean when a product has reduced Na or salt on the package?
• > or = to 25% less Na than regular food
What does it mean when a product I lower in Na or salt?
• at least 25% less Na per reference amount of
reference food
What does it mean when something is lightlyy salted?
• at least 50% less Na than regular food
