Lecture 6 Flashcards
1
Q
Carbohydrates
A
- most abundant biomolecules in nature
- photosynthesis in plants converts CO2 and H2O into plant carbohydrates eg. cellulose, sugars, starch
- form part of glycoconjugates ie. glycoproteins, glycolipids.
2
Q
3 major size classes for Carbohydrates
A
- monosaccharides
- oligosaccharides(3-9 mono)
- polysaccharides
3
Q
homopolysaccharides
A
- made of the same monosaccharide
- storage forms used as energy source, e.g. starch, glycogen
- good for structural elements
eg. chitin, cellulose
4
Q
Heteropolysaccharides
A
- made of different monosaccharides(two monomer types or multiple)
- extracellular support e.g. peptidoglycan, extracellular matrix.
5
Q
Storing of glycogen
A
- in muscle for itself
- in liver for other parts of body.
6
Q
glycoproteins
A
proteins that contain oligosaccharide chains covalently attached to polypeptide side-chains.
7
Q
Lectins
A
-carbohydrate binding protein
-high specificity and high affinity binding
-involved in biological recognition mechanisms in cells
-
8
Q
Glucose
A
- source of energy (oxidation of glucose produces ATP)
- Precursor for other biomolecules (can be used as a source of carbon skeleton for synthesis of amino acids, nucleotides, coenzymes, fatty acids.
9
Q
Four major fates for Glucose
A
- Stored as polysaccharides or sucrose
- Energy production - oxidized via glycolysis to pyruvate to give ATP and metabolic intermediates
- Oxidized via pentose phosphate pathway to give ribose 5-phosphate and NADPH
- Used in the synthesis of complex polysaccharides destined for the extracellular space.
10
Q
Steps in Energy Production (glucose)
A
- Glycolysis - operates in the presence of absence of O2
2a. Pyruvate Oxidation (aerobic)
2b. Fermentation (anaerobic) - a(continue from 2a) Krebs cycle, Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle (TCA), Citric Acid Cylce
4a. Electron Transport Chain (ETC) completes process.
