Lecture 6: Nervous System Introduction, Brachial Plexus

Question 1

What are the functions of the nervous system?

Answer 1

sensory
motor
cognitive

Question 2

What is the central nervous system?

Answer 2

unpaired, bilaterally symmetrical structures extending along the longitudinal axis of the midsagittal plane of the body.

Question 3

What structure arises directly from the neural tube?

Answer 3

Central nervous system

Question 4

What makes up the CNS?

Answer 4

brain and spinal cord

Question 5

What is the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 5

made up of transmission pathways carrying information between the CNS and external/internal environments

Question 6

What does the afferent pathway do?

Answer 6

carry information to the CNS (sensory)

Question 7

What does the efferent pathway do?

Answer 7

Carry information from the CNS (motor)

Question 8

How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?

Answer 8

12

Question 9

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

Answer 9

31

Question 10

What is the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 10

Entirely motor, innervates smooth muscle and glands

Question 11

What are the divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 11

sympathetic or parasympathetic

Question 12

What are the stages of neural tube development?

Answer 12

neural plate, neural folds, neural tube

Question 13

What are the subdivisions of the cranial end of the neural tube?

Answer 13

tripartite brain and pentapartite brain

Question 14

What are the stages of the brain development?

Answer 14

prosencephalon, mesencephalon, rhombencephalon

Question 15

What are the parts of the prosencephalon?

Answer 15

telencephalon and diencephalon

Question 16

What are the parts of the rhombencephalon?

Answer 16

mesencephalon and myelencephalon

Question 17

What are the derivatives of the telencephalon?

Answer 17

lateral ventricles, basal ganglia, olfactory lobes and nerves, cerebral hemispheres

Question 18

What are the derivatives of the diencephalon?

Answer 18

third ventricle, epithalamus, thalamus, hypothalamus and infundibulum

Question 19

What are the derivatives of the mesencephalon?

Answer 19

cerebral aqueduct (of Sylvius), tectum: corpora bigemina in lower vertebraes
corpora quadrigemina in higher vertebraes, tegmentum

Question 20

What are the derivatives of the metencephalon?

Answer 20

part of fourth ventricle, cerebellum, pons

Question 21

What are the derivatives of the myencephalon?

Answer 21

rest of fourth ventricle, medulla oblongata, posterior choroid plexus

Question 22

nucleus

Answer 22

aggregation of dendrites and nerve cell bodies in CNS

Question 23

ganglion

Answer 23

aggregation of dendrites and nerve cell bodies in PNS

Question 24

nerve

Answer 24

bundle of fibers (axons) in PNS

Question 25

tract

Answer 25

bundle of fibers (axons) in CNS

Question 26

commissure

Answer 26

tract in the CNS that crosses from one side to the other

Question 27

white matter

Answer 27

areas of myelinated axons

Question 28

gray mattera

Answer 28

areas of unmyelinated axons, cell bodies, and dendrites

Question 29

What are spinal nerve branches?

Answer 29

dorsal primary ramus, ventral primary ramus, ramus reccurrens, white ramus communicans and gray ramus communicans

Question 30

What fibers make up the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 30

paravertebral ganglion, splanchnic nerve, prevertebral ganglion

Question 31

What are the contents of the axillary sheath?

Answer 31

axillary artery, axillary vein, brachial plexus

Question 32

What makes up the reflex arc?

Answer 32

afferent (sensory) pathways, efferent (motor) pathways, association neurons (interneurons)

Question 33

What makes up the synapse?

Answer 33

presynaptic membrane, synaptic cleft, postsynaptic membrane

Question 34

What does dorsal mean?

Answer 34

posterior

Question 35

What does ventral mean?

Answer 35

anterior

Question 36

What are the horns of a spinal cord?

Answer 36

gray matter

Question 37

What are the columns of the spinal cord?

Answer 37

white matter

Question 38

Where does the dorsal scapular nerve go to?

Answer 38

rhomboids

Question 39

Where does the long thoracic nerve go to?

Answer 39

serratus anterior

Question 40

Where does the supra scapular nerve go to?

Answer 40

supraspinatus and infraspinatus

Question 41

Where does the lateral pectoral nerve go to?

Answer 41

clavicular head of pectoralis major muscle

Question 42

Where does the medial pectoral nerve go to?

Answer 42

sternal head of pectoralis major muscle and pectoralis minor

Question 43

Where does the subscapualris nerve go to?

Answer 43

subscapularis

Question 44

Where does the thoracodorsal nerve go to?

Answer 44

latissimus dorsi

Question 45

Where does the lower subscapula nerve go to?

Answer 45

subscapuarlis and teres major

Question 46

Where does motor branches of the axillary nerve go to?

Answer 46

deltoid and teres mino

Question 47

Where does sensory branches of the axillary nerve go to?

Answer 47

skin on deltoid muscles, upper lateral cutaneous nerve

Question 48

Where does the motor branches of the radial nerve go to?

Answer 48

posterior compartment of arm and forearm

Question 49

Where doe the sensory branches of the radial nerve go to?

Answer 49

back of arm, forearm, hand