Lecture 6 (theme 4) Flashcards
(19 cards)
What is antisocial behavior trough: psychology, psychiatry and criminology? what is the perspective and what does it emphasize? how is it measured
-Behavior that harms others.
- psychology looks at it from developmental perspective and looks and normal and abnormal behavior. It assumes continuous measurements.
- Psychiatric looks at a more medical perspective and emphasises impairment and distress. it assumes dichotomous measurements.
- criminological perspecive looks from a legal p.o.v and emphasises delinquency and crime. The violations are measured categorically.
what age group is the most aggressive? why? what do they lack (2)?
- toddlers are the most aggressive
- This might be because they cannot express themselves in other ways than physical.
- They lack the vocabulary to express themselves and lack the emotional insight to know what they are feeling.
What are the two dimensions of antisocial behavior?
- Destructive vs non-destructive. More destructive causes more physical harm
- Overt vs Covert. Overt behavior is more observable by peers and authority. Covert is more hidden.
What four types of antisocial behavior can you distinguish? Which 2 go down, which stays almost the same and which increases as you age? What behavior does it include?
- Property violation (covert-destructive)
- This stays almost the same. It is the least common.
- This is things like vandalism and theft. - (physical) aggression (destructive-overt),
- this decreases as you age.
- This is things like bullying and fighting. - status violations (covert nondestructive),
- This increases as you age. - - This is things like breaking rules and using substances. Especially when there are friends. - oppositional behavior (overt-nondestructive)
- this decreases as you age. It is the most common.
- This is things like tantrums and argumentative behavior.
What are adolescence-limited and life-course persistent life courses?
- Adolescence limited antisocial behavior starts in adolescence and then goes away after a few years.
- Life-course persistent antisocial behaviours start at a very young age and it continues throughout you life. (10%) of population.
- It can also be limited to early-onset antisocial behavior. .
Are conduct problems stable over time? How do problems in early life predict education, sexual behavior and mental health?
- Yes if you have more conduct problems early in life, this increases risk later in life of breaking the rules and being imprisoned.
- These children are also predicted to have much less education later in life.
- It also predicts more sexual activity and abuse and lower mental health
What are 2 sex differences in antisocial behaviors?
- more common in males ,especially at a younger age
- males are more likely to show aggressive behavior
- In terms of sociale antisocial behavior like gossiping is about equally common amongst both genders.
What 3 impairments does DSM-V connect to ASB and what 2 things does it lead to. Wat 6 disorders are there?
- Impaired self-control, emotions and behavior (not cognitive)
- That lead to violations of other’s rights and bring conflict with authority.
Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)*
Conduct Disorder (CD)*
Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD)
Intermittent Explosive Disorder (IED)
Pyromania
Kleptomania
What are 3 characteristics and 2 criteria of ODD and 3 symptom categories
Characteristics
- The defiant behavior gradually increases in new situations
- starts at an early age and
- increases as you age.
Criteria
It needs to last 6> moths with 4+ symptoms.
Symptoms
1. Angry/irritable mood (loses temper and is easily annoyed)
2. Argumentative/defiant behavior (argues with authority and refuses rules and blames others for mistakes)
3. vindictive behavior (taking revenge and being spiteful/annoying)
What if ODD people have more emotional problems versus behavioral problems? how does it predict disorders later in life
- If you have emotional problems this predicts internalising disorders like depression
- If you have behavioral problems this predicts externalising disorders later in life.
What are 4 symptoms, Criteria of CD, is it overt or covert and destructive? When is it childhood-onset and when is it adolescence onset. What 4 emotions are lacking?
Symptoms:
1. Aggression to people/animals
2. Destruction of property
3. Deceitfulness/theft
4. Serious rule violations
Criteria:
- You need at least 3 criteria
- It is always overt, because it is very behavioral and destructive.
- It is childhood onset if you have at least 1 symptom before 10 years old, otherwise it is adolescence onset.
lacking emotions:
1. lack of Remorse/guilt
2. callous (lack of empathy)
3. unconcerned about performance
4. Shallow/deficient affect/emotions expression.
What is the developmental cascade of life-course persistent ASB? What is it called? What is the hierarchy from ODD-CD-ASPD
- It is called diversification, - where new types of antisocial behavior are added as you age, without the older behaviors going away. Also if you have these impairments in early life, they influence impairments in later life.
- it usually starts out with ODD, then develops into CD and can lead to ASPD (antisocial personality disorder) later in life
What three factors interact for development?
Biological, Social and psychological factors interact.
What is the heritability and environmental influence on antisocial behavior? How about physical aggression and rule braking?
- It is about 50/50 with mostly shared environment and 40% genes.
- But physical aggression is more heritable and delinquency is more environmental.
What is the heritability of High Antisocial behavior in conbination with callous emotions compared to high antisocial behavior with low callous emotions?
- If you have both antisocial behavior and callous emotions it is very heritable and almost impossible to treat
- environment plays a much bigger role if you have less callous emotions.
What are Parenting and Child behaviors environmental influences on ASB? How does it often end? How does genetic risk interact with it?
- Parenting practices increases bad behavior of child behavior.
- The bad behavior elicits worse parenting and this starts to make the situations increasingly worse.
- At some point the parents give up correcting the bas behaviorisme of their children (coercive cycle)
- If you have a high genetic risk of ASB, that’s when negative parenting can lead to ASB (with low genetic risk it is less)
What type of popularity increases the risk of ASB? How does the system go from initial popularity to chronic popularity to social cognition to aggression?
- Rejected children who are mostly disliked are more likely to develop ASB.
- Initial rejection can also create chronic rejection. The children tend to see ambiguity as negative (social cognition). This leads to aggression.
Why are rejected children more likely to make deviant friends?
- Because they are rejected, these children make friends with other rejected children who are often deviant.
- This leads to bad behaviors like theft.
What aspect of brain development in two regions increases risk factors of ASB in adolescents?
- In adolescence, the limbic system is fully developed, while the PFC is not fully developed so you have trouble with self-control.
