lecture 6 (theme4)

Question 1

What gender consumes more alcohol? What is the upper limit of medically safe drinking? What is it called if you drink more (2)?

Answer 1

• Males tend to use more alcohol.
• Men: Average of 2 drinks a day and never more than 4 in one sitting.
• Women: Average of 1 drink pers dat and never more than 3 days in one sitting.
• If you drink more on average it is heavy drinking and if you drink a lot in one session it is binge drinking.

Question 2

Voor welke drug zoeken de meeste mensen voor hulp bij verslaving? In welke groep is Cocaïne gebruik gestegen en welke trend is er? Wat voor soort MDMA wordt vaker gebruikt?

Answer 2

• For cannabis/Marijuhana, most people think they need help with their addiction.
• Cocaine use is up in vulnerable groups and more people are dying of cocaine use.
• MDMA/Amphetamines mixing is increased, which increases medical risk.

Question 3

What age group has the most substance use disorders? What is a trend in deaths due to substance use?

Answer 3

• People below 35 years old have the highest rate of substance use.
• The amount of deaths due to illicit/harddrugs is increasing.

Question 4

What is the definition of substance use disorder?

Answer 4

• Cognitive, Behavioral and physiological symptoms that indicate that someone continues to use a substance even though it is causing problems for them.

Question 5

What are the 3 kinds of drugs to abuse and another type of use disorder?

Answer 5

• depressants reduce activity in the CNS
• Stimulants stimulate the CNS
• Hallucinogens can be a little stimulating but are mostly psychoactive.
• There is also inhalant use.

Question 6

What is the definition of substance intoxication?

Answer 6

• Substance intoxication means there are behavioral/psychological changes to a person due to substance use.

Question 7

What are the 11 substance use disorder symptoms of: impaired control, social impairment, risky use and pharmacological?

Answer 7

• impaired control:
  1. using larger amounts over a longer period,
  2. unsuccessful/no want to reduce use,
  3. a lot of time spent obtaining/using it,
  4. craving it strongly
• Social Impairment:
  5. recurrent failure to fulfil major role obligations
  6. recurrent or increased social/interpersonal problems
  7. important social activities are given up/reduced for substance use.
• Risky use:
  8. use in physically dangerous situations
  9. use despite knowing of your physical/psychological problems due to it.
• Pharmacological
  10: Tolerance
  11: Withdrawal symptoms

Question 8

How many symptoms for mild, moderate and severe substance use disorder?

Answer 8

• Mild: 2-3 symptoms
• Moderate: 4-5 symptoms
• Severe: 6+ symptoms

Question 9

What is the gateway hypothesis model and Common Liability to Addiction Modelof substance use? I it supported by research?

Answer 9

• gateway hypothesis: you begin with a mild and common drug like cannabis and gradually use more severe drugs. Unsupported by research, only within harddrugs users.
• Common Liability Model says that someone initiates substance use dus to risk factors like peer use and genes. It doesn’t specify which substance. It is supported by research.

Question 10

What does continued use of drugs do to dopamine receptivity?

Answer 10

• Your amount of dopamine receptors in the frontal lobe is reduced.
• So you need more of the drug, or any positive thing, to experience reward.