Lecture 7 - Cardiovascular

Question 1

Systemic vs pulmonary circulation

Answer 1

systemic: circulation of everything through the body
pulmonary: circulation through the lungs

Question 2

Order through the heart

Answer 2

Vena cava, R artium, R ventricle, pulmonary arteries, capillaries, pulmonary veins, L atrium, L ventricle, aorta.

Question 3

Artery order from largest to smallest

Answer 3

Aorta, large arteries, muscular arteries, arterioles, capillaries

Question 4

Vein order from smallest to largest

Answer 4

capillaries, collecting venule, muscular venule, veins, vena cava

Question 5

Precapillary sphincter

Answer 5

can shut off a capillary

Question 6

Structure of a capillary

Answer 6

endothelial cell wall, basal lamina, and pericytes (maintain viability)

Question 7

Continuous capillaries

Answer 7

muscle, skin, lung, and brain

Question 8

Fenestrated capillary

Answer 8

fenestrations spanned by a diaphragm to allow for more rapid movement of fluid and gases. Found in intestines and endocrine.

Question 9

Fenested capillary with no diaphragm

Answer 9

Kidney

Question 10

Sinusoidal capillary

Answer 10

wider fenestrations. found in liver, spleen, bone marrow, and endocrine

Question 11

Capillary exchange mechanisms

Answer 11

open pores, diffusion, filtration, vesicular transport (large molecules), and transendothelial channels

Question 12

Tranendothelial channels

Answer 12

when vesicles merge and form a channel with each other, allowing for increased fluid movement and larger molecules

Question 13

Compound that causes vasodilation

Answer 13

Nitric oxide

Question 14

Compound that causes vasoconstriction

Answer 14

endothelin

Question 15

3 layers of a blood vessel from inner to outside

Answer 15

tunica intima, tunica media, and tunia adventitia

Question 16

Tunica intima

Answer 16

endothelium, CT, Internal elastic lamina.

Question 17

Tunia media

Answer 17

smooth muscle, elastic fibers, external elastic lamina (thicker in arteries, thinner in veins)

Question 18

Tunica adventitia

Answer 18

CT, vasovasorum (blood vessels), nerves. Thicker in veins and thinner in arteries

Question 19

Veins often do not have what as compared to arteries

Answer 19

Internal elastic lamina.

Question 20

Scalloped internal elastic lamina

Answer 20

seen in arteries

Question 21

1-5 layers of smooth muscle in tunica media

Answer 21

arteriole

Question 22

6-40 layers of smooth muscle in tunica media

Answer 22

muscular or distributing artery

Question 23

40-60 layers of smooth muscle in tunica media

Answer 23

elastic arteries (aorta)

Question 24

Areas with thick tunica initima

Answer 24

aorta and vena cava

Question 25

Areas with thick tunica adventitia

Answer 25

veins and vena cava (with smooth muscle running perpendicular)

Question 26

Elastic fibers found in which side of criculatory system

Answer 26

arteries and some larger veins

Question 27

4 types of microcirculation

Answer 27

arteriole-capillary bed-venule; arteriovenous anastomosis (skin); arteriole-capillary-arteriole (kidney); Venule-capillar-venule (liver)

Question 28

Which part of the system contains valves? And what do they do?

Answer 28

Veins and lymphatic vessels. Facilitate unidirectional blood and lymphatic flow.

Question 29

Wider lumen is more telling of what type of structure?

Answer 29

Venous side

Question 30

Distinguishing feature of the vena cava?

Answer 30

smooth muscle in the tunica adventitia runs perpendicular to the media

Question 31

3 layers of the heart from inner to outer

Answer 31

endocardium, myocardium, and epicardium

Question 32

Homolog of endocardium

Answer 32

tunica intima

Question 33

Homolog of myocardium

Answer 33

tunica media

Question 34

Homolog of epicardium

Answer 34

tunica adventitia

Question 35

Usually the thickest layer of the heart

Answer 35

myocardium

Question 36

Pericardium

Answer 36

the sac that the heart resides in

Question 37

Chamber that has the larger myocardium

Answer 37

Ventricles

Question 38

Perkunje fibers

Answer 38

conduct a wave of depolarization to stimulate the contraction of the myocardium of the heart. Found in the endocardium

Question 39

Layer of the heart that contains adipose tissue

Answer 39

epicardium

Question 40

Route of depolarization

Answer 40

SA node, AV node, bundle of His, Purkinje fibers

Question 41

Contraction begins where?

Answer 41

apex

Question 42

Functions of lymphatic drainage

Answer 42

return excess 10% of interstitial fluid to blood; transport lipids absorbed from intestines; immunologic support

Question 43

What is drained in the lymph system

Answer 43

tissue fluid, metabolic waste products, and CO2.

Question 44

Lymph drainage order from highest pressure to least

Answer 44

blood capillaries, interstitial fluid, lymph capillaries, lymph veins, lymph ducts, large circulatory veins

Question 45

Lymphatic vessels

Answer 45

thin layer of endothelial cells (no smooth muscle present) if nucleated cells present and valve, then lymph

Question 46

True or false: lymph fluid does not have to drain before returning to blood

Answer 46

false

Question 47

Myocardial infarction

Answer 47

occlusion of a coronary artery usually with plaque

Question 48

Berry aneurysm

Answer 48

bleeding from a ruptured vessel, likely caused from high blood pressure. Likely related to defects in the tunica media.

Question 49

Varicose veins

Answer 49

valve insufficiency.

Question 50

Nucleated component in the heart

Answer 50

purkinje fibers