Lecture 7 - Clovers

Question 1

genus name of true clovers

Answer 1

Trifolium

Question 2

types of perennial clovers

Answer 2

red clover, white clover, alsike clover, kura clover

Question 3

types of annual clovers

Answer 3

berseem and crimson clover

Question 4

ideal conditions for genus Trifolium

Answer 4

cool, moist conditions
most have poor drought tolerance

Question 5

characteristics of clovers

Answer 5

compound leaf (3 leaflets)
dense cluster inflorescence

Question 6

characteristics of red clover

Answer 6

tall, upright growth habit
pubescent leaves and stems
short-lived taproot

Question 7

red clover is a _______ perennial

Answer 7

short-lived

Question 8

2 types of red clover

Answer 8

late type - more winter hardy
early type - higher productivity in moist conditions

Question 9

2 types of late type red clover

Answer 9

mammoth or single cut

Question 10

2 types of early type red clover

Answer 10

medium or double cut

Question 11

red clover grows on ______, more ______ soils than alfalfa

Answer 11

wetter, acid

Question 12

ideal soil pH for red clover

Answer 12

6.0 or higher

Question 13

red clover is not as drought tolerant as _______

Answer 13

alfalfa

Question 14

areas of use of red clover

Answer 14

black soil zone of sask
noted produced in drier region of western canada

Question 15

is red clover easy to establish

Answer 15

yes

Question 16

red clover exhibits good tolerance to _______

Answer 16

shading

Question 17

what is red clover always mixed with

Answer 17

a grass such as Timothy to reduce drying time and so grass remains after clover dies

Question 18

when should you cut red clover

Answer 18

early to mid-bloom

Question 19

what is red clover used for

Answer 19

hay/silage, pasture, or soil improvement

Question 20

does red clover potentially cause pasture bloat

Answer 20

yes

Question 21

what can the phytoestrogen in red clover cause

Answer 21

problems with reproduction in sheep

Question 22

how does red clover contribute to soil improvement

Answer 22

green manure/cover crop to prevent soil erosion/nutrient runoff, N, organic matter, weed control and alive root

Question 23

what is one farming practice that might not be ideal for red clover

Answer 23

no till

Question 24

red clover is a _______ pollinated crop

Answer 24

cross

Question 25

characteristics of white clover

Answer 25

short taproot high % of hard seed prostrate growth habit produce stolon that grow new plants

Question 26

adaptations of white clover

Answer 26

tolerant to poorly drained and acid soils good winter hardiness

Question 27

ideal soil pH for white clover

Answer 27

can tolerate 4.5, prefers 6-6.5

Question 28

white clover has ______ tolerance to drought

Answer 28

poor

Question 29

primary use of white clover

Answer 29

pasture

Question 30

can white clover cause pasture bloat

Answer 30

yes, can prevent by using 2:1 grass to clover

Question 31

white clover is ______ to frequent defoliations

Answer 31

tolerant

Question 32

recommended grazing method for white clover

Answer 32

rotational grazing

Question 33

characteristics of alsike clover

Answer 33

hybrid between red and white clover long/thin stems that lodge easily

Question 34

alsike clover is a ___________ perennial

Answer 34

short-lived

Question 35

adaptations of alsike clover

Answer 35

similar to red clover, but with better tolerance to poor drainage/wet soil

Question 36

use of alsike clover

Answer 36

minor component in pasture and hay mixes, used to improve soil

Question 37

how does alsike clover improve soil

Answer 37

green manure vegetate cleared forest areas with poor drainage or areas with short-term flooding

Question 38

characteristics of kura clover

Answer 38

rhizomatous legume 40-60cm tall very persistent poor seedling vigor

Question 39

adaptations of kura clover

Answer 39

adapted to more moist area than red clover

Question 40

kura clover is a _______ perannial

Answer 40

long-lived

Question 41

typical uses of annual trifolium spp.

Answer 41

hay, green manure (polyculture seeding)

Question 42

characteristics of berseem clover

Answer 42

Egyptian clover yellowish flower up to 90cm high yielding/forage quality

Question 43

can berseem clover cause pasture bloat

Answer 43

yes

Question 44

ideal soil pH for berseem clover

Answer 44

6.6-7.0

Question 45

characteristics of crimson clover (italian clover)

Answer 45

crimson colored flower up to 60cm high forage quality insect pollinated

Question 46

does crimson clover cause bloat

Answer 46

yes

Question 47

ideal soil pH for crimson clover

Answer 47

5.5-7.0