Lecture 8 - Grass Growth, Development, and Smooth Brome

Question 1

family name of the grass family

Answer 1

Poaceae

Question 2

2 types of grass species

Answer 2

C3 and C4

Question 3

what is the anatomy of a C4 photosynthetic plant called

Answer 3

Kranz leaf anatomy

Question 4

characteristics of C3 plants

Answer 4

chloroplasts in the mesophyll only
normal leaf anatomy
CO2 acceptor = RuBP
intermediate light saturation
high rate of photorespiration

Question 5

characteristics of C4 plants

Answer 5

chloroplasts in mesophyll and bundle sheath cells
kranz leaf anatomy
PEP carboxylase and RuBP
no light saturation of photorespiration
high water use/N use efficiency

Question 6

warmer area = _____ C4 plants

Answer 6

more

Question 7

label this diagram

Answer 7

Question 8

label where a phytomer is on this pic and what parts are included

Answer 8

includes the blade, sheath, internode, and node

Question 9

what is a phytomer

Answer 9

basic unit of grass structure

Question 10

how many phytomers are on each tiller

Answer 10

3-5 phytomers

Question 11

grass groups by growth habit/tiller development

Answer 11

bunch grasses
spreading grasses

Question 12

how does spreading grass spread

Answer 12

by rhizomes

Question 13

bunch grasses

Answer 13

tillers grow vertically within leaf sheaths and increase diameter as plant ages
does not cover soil surface

Question 14

spreading grasses

Answer 14

tillers grow horizontally (but also grow vertical tillers)
are able to spread through rhizome and stolon

Question 15

grass growth and development stages

Answer 15

-vegetative (no visible stem node)
-stem elongation (stem node visible)
-reproductive stage (heading-flowering)
-seed development and ripening (seed forming or formed)

Question 16

3 main tissues involved in tiller growth/regrowth

Answer 16

shoot apical meristem
shoot intercalary meristem
axillary buds

Question 17

shoot apical meristem

Answer 17

growing point that is low in spring

Question 18

shoot intercalary meristem

Answer 18

located at bases of leaf blade/sheath, base of internode, stolon, rhizome
most rapid growth form

Question 19

axillary buds

Answer 19

capable of developing new tillers

Question 20

where is the axillary bud located

Answer 20

2 sides of the stem base

Question 21

t/f: all axillary buds are able to become new tillers

Answer 21

f, only some are able to become a new tiller

Question 22

defoliation at vegetative growth stage

Answer 22

most rapid regrowth
3 forms of meristems to regrow (blade/sheath/tillering)

Question 23

defoliation at stem elongation stage

Answer 23

slower regrowth
most intercalary meristem may be removed
organic reserve is low

Question 24

defoliation at reproductive stage

Answer 24

growth comes from well developed axillary buds
organic reserve is high

Question 25

types of bromegrass

Answer 25

smooth brome meadow brome hybrid brome

Question 26

smooth brome scientific name

Answer 26

Bromus inermis

Question 27

Meadow brome scientific name

Answer 27

Bromus inermis

Question 28

what 2 bromegrasses made hydrid brome

Answer 28

b. riparius x b. inermis

Question 29

characteristics of smooth bromegrass

Answer 29

tall/upright large open panicle inflorescence deep rooted drought tolerant spreads mainly by rhizomes

Question 30

adaptations of smooth brome

Answer 30

winter hardy medium salinity tolerance medium flooding tolerance

Question 31

types of smooth bromegrass

Answer 31

northern ecotype southern ecotype

Question 32

main problem of seeding smooth bromegrass

Answer 32

has chaffy seed (sticks together/makes chunk) that creates problems in feeding through seed drill and seed bridging

Question 33

main use of smooth bromegrass

Answer 33

hay (but also used in pasture)

Question 34

when should you cut your smooth brome for hay

Answer 34

cut when heads fully emerge to early flower (yields most in first cut)

Question 35

regrowth in smooth brome is _______ than meadow brome

Answer 35

slower

Question 36

regrowth of smooth brome is usually ______ in pasture

Answer 36

slow

Question 37

% vegetative tillers for regrowth is ______ in smooth brome

Answer 37

low