lecture 7 CVD and diabetes Flashcards
(42 cards)
what are characteristics of chronic diseases?
long duration and slow progression
major forms
heartstroke
major risk factors
tobacco use, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and harmful use of alcohol
what is the leading causes of death in Canada, 2022
malignant neoplasms
is CVD still the leading cause of death worldwide?
yes
why are death rates from CVD declining?
advances in medical techniques
earlier and better diagnostic procedures and
treatments
better emergency medical assistance programs
better training of people in cardiopulmonary
resuscitation (CPR)
what are modifiable factors of CVD
Major modifiable
Tobacco use*
Physical Inactivity
Unhealthy diet
High Blood Pressure
Raised blood lipids
Obesity or overweight
Diabetes
Other modifiable
Alcohol use
High blood glucose level
Medication (oral contraceptives)
Low socioeconomic status
Mental ill-health (e.g. depression)
Psychosocial stress (hot reactors
vs. cold reactors, can work on it!)
High levels of LDL
non modifiable factors of CVD
heredity, sex, age, ethnicity
what does nicotine do to body
CNS stimulant, increase HR, BP, heart activity, displace O2 with CO in heart muscle, lead to arrhythmia
discuss stages of the cardiac cycle
1st stage -> 2nd stage - deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium first and then from the right atrium is pushed through the tricuspid valve, from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery then goes to the lungs and excreted from the body
3rd stage -> 4th stage - left atrium → mitral valve → left ventricle → body’s blood vessels
what is atherosclerosis?
A type of arteriosclerosis (narrowing and hardening of the
arteries), occurs gradually when plaque is formed in the
lining of arteries. It may partially or totally block the blood flow.
any factor that damages endothelium facilitates plaque build up in the arteries
endothelium damage is affected by
high/fluctuating blood pressure
High LDL, triglycerides, & glucose
Nicotine
coronary heart disease?
major CVD
plaque causes a blockage in one or more coronary arteries, decrease/obstructs blood flow/O2 & causes ischemia
angina pectoris: 75% blockage
myocardial infarction/heart attack: 90-95% blockage
heart attack symptoms
chest discomfort (uncomfortable chest pressure, squeezing, fullness or pain, burning or heaviness)
sweating
discomfort in other areas of upper body (neck, jaw, shoulder, arms, back)
nausea
light-headedness
what is a stroke what are the causes?
it is a cerebrovascular accident, interruption of the blood supply to the brain
causes: thrombus, embolus, aneurysm, hemorrhage
ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke
what is ischemic stroke?
oxygen is diminished to the tissue
obstruction blocks flow to part of the brain
what is hemorrhagic stroke
area of bleeding in brain
weakened vessel, wall ruptures, causing bleeding in the brain
what is embolism?
blood clot forms in different parts of body, moves around and deposits itself in one of the arteries of the brain
what is aneurysm?
instead of plaque build up, the lining of arteries become very thin, forms a bulge, eventually bursts and leads to a hemorrhage
what is thrombus
is a blood clot, a completely blocked artery
signs of stroke
F - face is it drooping
A - arms can you raise both
S - speech is it slurred or jumbled
T - time to call 911 right away
hypertension
chronic high blood pressure of 140/90mmHg or higher
what is systolic pressure
pressure in arteries when heart contracts (beats)
diastolic
pressure in arteries when your heart relaxes (between beats)
