Lecture 8 Flashcards
Language 1 (29 cards)
What is the mental lexicon?
Word knowledge storage in long-term memory
It stores multiple types of information including semantic features, conceptual relationships, orthographic, and phonological representations.
What are semantic features?
Meaningful characteristics and attributes associated with a concept or word
Example: The semantic features of ‘dog’ include four legs, a tail, and the ability to bark.
What is the Dual Route Cascaded Model?
A model proposing two primary routes for word recognition: direct route and indirect route.
What is the direct route in word recognition?
The fastest path of word recognition used for familiar, frequently encountered words.
What does the direct route involve?
Immediate visual recognition and direct access to word meaning without sounding out letters.
What is the indirect route in word recognition?
A slower, more analytical path used for unfamiliar words, new vocabulary, and complex terms.
What does the indirect route involve?
Breaking down words into individual letters and sounding out phonetic components.
What challenges do individuals with dyslexia face in the direct route?
- Difficulty recognizing familiar words quickly
- Slower visual word recognition
- Challenges in automatic word retrieval.
What are the indirect route challenges in dyslexia?
- Struggling to sound out new words
- Difficulty with phonological decoding
- Problems breaking words into sound components.
What is the Lexical Quality Hypothesis?
Word identity is a unique combination of orthographic knowledge, phonological understanding, and semantic meaning.
What leads to automatic word reading according to the Lexical Quality Hypothesis?
High lexical quality.
What is the Construction-Integration Model?
A model explaining how we understand language by connecting individual words and sentences to broader meanings.
What happens in the construction phase of reading comprehension?
The mind generates a network of possible meanings from the text.
What is the integration phase in reading comprehension?
The mind filters and organizes ideas to create a coherent mental representation.
What are the two levels of comprehension?
- Shallow comprehension
- Deep comprehension.
What are the key components of the Reading Systems Framework?
- Phonological Units
- Semantic Processing
- Lexical Prediction
- Inference Generation
- Contextual Integration.
What does phonological units refer to?
Sounds of spoken language, helping with decoding words.
What is semantic processing?
Understanding the meaning of words and sentences.
What is the role of lexical prediction in reading?
To guess upcoming words based on context and prior knowledge.
What types of inferences are made during reading?
- Bridging inference
- Elaborative inference.
What is the Neuronal Recycling Hypothesis?
The brain recycles existing neural circuits to learn culturally invented skills like reading.
What is the Visual Word Form Area (VWFA)?
A region in the left occipitotemporal cortex specialized for recognizing written words.
What happens to face recognition in literate individuals?
Face recognition becomes more right-lateralized as the VWFA specializes for reading.
What is developmental dyslexia?
A common learning disorder affecting reading ability despite normal intelligence and adequate instruction.
