lecture 8

Question 1

what is an acrosome?

Answer 1

contains enzymes to digest the egg

Question 2

where does the acrosome sit?

Answer 2

on top of the spermatazoa

Question 3

what foetal gonads form from?

Answer 3

bipotaential premordia

Question 4

in the male what degenerates?

Answer 4

cortex

Question 5

in the female what degenerates?

Answer 5

medulla

Question 6

what are the primative sex cords from?

Answer 6

coelamic epithelia which migrates as columns.

Question 7

what is the key cell of the testicular cords?

Answer 7

sertolli cell

Question 8

female germcells and mitosis

Answer 8

undergo mitosis, engulfed by granulosa cells and enter mitosis and arrest ntil puberty

Question 9

male germ cells and mitosis

Answer 9

arest in mitosis

Question 10

apearcnce of the seminiferous tubule?

Answer 10

arranged in lobes, highly coiled

Question 11

what does the seminiferous tubule originate from?

Answer 11

coelomic epithelium

Question 12

rete testis fromed from

Answer 12

wolffian

Question 13

what deos the semineferous tubule drain into?

Answer 13

rete testis

Question 14

what does the rete testis drain into?

Answer 14

epidiymus

Question 15

what does the epididymus drain into?

Answer 15

vas deferens

Question 16

where are spermatazoa made?

Answer 16

semineferous tubule

Question 17

what cells line the semineferous tubule?

Answer 17

sertolli cells.

Question 18

what do sertolli cells express?

Answer 18

SRY

Question 19

what compartment is inside the tubule?

Answer 19

adluminal

Question 20

what compartment is outside the tubule?

Answer 20

basal compartment

Question 21

what cells support sertolli cells?

Answer 21

myoid cells

Question 22

what do the myoid cells do?

Answer 22

maintain a blood teste barrier so the antibodies dont attatck sperm

Question 23

outer cells of the seminiferous tubule

Answer 23

leydig

Question 24

what tells you have developed the sperm are?

Answer 24

where they are in the sertolli cell

Question 25

what causes the spermatagonia to continue with mitosis?

Answer 25

high GnRH increases androgens at puberty

Question 26

which part does spermatogenesis occur?

Answer 26

adluminal

Question 27

what do prospermatagonia cells produce?

Answer 27

spermatogonium type 1

Question 28

after spermatogonium type 1 cells are produced what is different at the end of each division?

Answer 28

how the cell look

Question 29

how many A1 spermatagonia can spermatagnia stem cells produce?

Answer 29

16

Question 30

how many mitotic divisions after A1?

Answer 30

5

Question 31

what will the 5 divisions from A1 produce?

Answer 31

intermediate spermatagonium

Question 32

what do the intermediate spermatagonium produce?

Answer 32

spermatagonium type B

Question 33

what do spermatagonium type B do?

Answer 33

enter last mitosis and form primary resting spermatocytes

Question 34

where does the sperm go from A1 to primary spermatocytes?

Answer 34

basal compartment of the sertolli cells

Question 35

what are they called at the start of meiosis?

Answer 35

primary spermatocyte

Question 36

what are they called at the end of meiosis 1?

Answer 36

secondary spermatocytes

Question 37

what are they called at the end of meiosis 2?

Answer 37

early spermatids

Question 38

what does the golgi aparatus do?

Answer 38

moves to the proximal end of the cell and secretes acrosome vesicle

Question 39

where do the centrioles move?

Answer 39

to the distal end of the cell

Question 40

what forms from the most distal centriole?

Answer 40

flagellum

Question 41

where does mitochondira concentrate?

Answer 41

flagellum

Question 42

what happens to excess sytoplasm?

Answer 42

pinched off

Question 43

how many days to make spermatozoa from stem cell?

Answer 43

64

Question 44

temporal organisation of spermatogenesis

Answer 44

only one stem cell will enter this process in the seminiferous tube

Question 45

journey of sperm?

Answer 45

lobes of the testes, rete testes and into the epididymus

Question 46

what happens in the epididymus?

Answer 46

concentrated stored and matured

Question 47

what is the gonadal function controlled by?

Answer 47

hypothalamic pituitary axis

Question 48

what does the hypothalamus release in pulses?

Answer 48

GnRH

Question 49

what affect does GnRH have?

Answer 49

causes the pituitary gland to release LH and FSH

Question 50

in males what does LH stimulate

Answer 50

leydig cells to produce testosterone

Question 51

testosterone feedback?

Answer 51

negative

Question 52

what does FSH bind to

Answer 52

receptors on sertolli cells

Question 53

what do sertoilli cells do in response to FSH?

Answer 53

produce androgen receptors | inhibin to act on pituitary gland

Question 54

what maintains blood sperm barrier?

Answer 54

testosterone produced by leydig cells

Question 55

male principle androgen hormone?

Answer 55

testosterone

Question 56

what does testosterone enter?

Answer 56

blood and lymph

Question 57

is testosterone lipid soluble?

Answer 57

yes

Question 58

how is testosterone transported

Answer 58

protein bound

Question 59

what two cells support the production of gametes?

Answer 59

sertoli cells and granulosa cells

Question 60

PSA

Answer 60

prevents the coagulation of spermatozoa

Question 61

what does the bulbourethral gland do?

Answer 61

produces mucous to lubricate sex

Question 62

what is the prostate dependant on?

Answer 62

prostate

Question 63

goserelin

Answer 63

GnRH antagonist | reduces the production of LH and reduces the action on the leydig cells and lowers testosterone

Question 64

bicalutamide?

Answer 64

Androgen receptor antagonist | stops androgens binding to the prostate

Question 65

finasteride

Answer 65

Reductase inhibitor | prevents the sertoli cells and reduces the amount of testosterone they produce

Question 66

what happens to he corpus cavernosa during errection?

Answer 66

fills with blood

Question 67

what is produced in the blood vessels of the corpus cavernosa

Answer 67

nitric oxide

Question 68

why is nitric oxide produced in the corpus carvernosa?

Answer 68

stimulation of the pudental nerve

Question 69

how does the nitric oxide work during errection

Answer 69

vasodilator by producing SCG, this converts GTP to cGMP

Question 70

what happens to the muscles during errection?

Answer 70

they tighten

Question 71

Detumescence

Answer 71

end of sensory stimulation

Question 72

what does PDE do?

Answer 72

breaks down cyclic GMP

Question 73

how does viagra work

Answer 73

PDE5 inhibitor