Lecture 9

Question 1

Chain of command

Answer 1

An unbroken line of authority that links all individuals in the organization and specifies who reports to whom

Question 2

Work specialization

Answer 2

The degree to which organizational tasks are subdivided into individual jobs.
Also called division of labor.

Question 3

Authority

Answer 3

Vested in organizational positions, not people.
Flows down the vertical hierarchy.
Is accepted by subordinates

Question 4

Responsibility

Answer 4

the duty to perform the task or activity assigned

Question 5

accountability

Answer 5

the mechanism through which authority and responsibility are aligned

Question 6

delegation

Answer 6

the process managers use to transfer authority and responsibility down the chain.

Question 7

Span of management (Span of control)

Answer 7

The number of employees reporting to a supervisor
Has tall and flat structure

Question 8

Tall structure

Answer 8

Has more levels and narrow span –> tall hierarchy

Question 9

Flat structure

Answer 9

Have a wide span and fewer levels –> flat hierarchy

Question 10

Pros Tall sructure

Answer 10

Well defined job description. it is clear who is doing what and who is reporting to whom

Question 11

Cons Tall structure

Answer 11

Can be overly bureaucratic
A sense of detachment between top-level management and employees at lower ranks
Lack of creativity

Question 12

Pros Flat structure

Answer 12

The spirit of collaboration and equality
Open communication climate where bosses and employees interact together in the same space

Question 13

Cons Flat structure

Answer 13

Lack of clear direction
Role ambiguity
Hard to manage larger teams
Requires highly-qualified staff who can work autonomously

Question 14

Centralization

Answer 14

Decision authority is located near the top of the organization

Question 15

Decentralization

Answer 15

Decision authority is pushed downward to all levels

Question 16

Factors that influence centralization vs decentralization

Answer 16

Change and uncertainty are usually associated with decentralization
Strategic fit
Crisis requires centralization

Question 17

Human resource management

Answer 17

refers to the design and application of formal systems in an organization to ensure the effective and efficient use of human talent to accomplish organizational goals.
Attract, develop and maintain an effective workforce.

Question 18

Recruiting employees

Answer 18

internal and external

Question 19

developing and maintaining an effective workforce

Answer 19

motivation
salary
benefits
performance appraisal
work training and develop
work termination

Question 20

human resource intervention

Answer 20

aim to improve an organizations performance and efficiency through improving the team members performances, dedication and flexibility.

Question 21

5 signs that layoff is coming

Answer 21

1. Hiring and expenses freeze
   
   2. Eliminating products or programs
   3. Change in management styles
   4. The company’s trends and patterns
      Payroll bloat