Lecture 9 Flashcards

(34 cards)

1
Q

What do the lungs always want to do and why?

A

The lungs always want to collapse and become the smallest they can be becasue of the elastic nature of the lung tissue adn the surface tensio of the alveoli, the surfactant helps with this however

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2
Q

How to the lungs expand?

A

the pleural linkage, pleura is attached to the chest wall and chest cavity increases with inhalation allow air flow into lunchs and smaller with exhalation, forcing air out of lungs

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3
Q

What happens to the lungs during inhalation?

A

the chest wall expands allowing airflow into the lungs (lungs are larger) the volumen of the lungs increases the pressure in our lungs decreases causing negative alveolar pressure (relative to outside of the body) –> air rushes into lungs to balance the pressure

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4
Q

What happens during exhalation?

A

our chest wall and lungs are made smaller forcing the air outward the causes compression of the chest wall decreases the volume of our lungs increases the pressure in our lungs compared to the negativ eatmospheric pressure outsid eof the body

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5
Q

What is the cause of the pressure change in the lungs?

A

the volume of the lungs is the cause of the pressure change

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6
Q

What is Boyle’s Law?

A

given the constant temperature, if the volue of hte container holding a gas is increased, the pressure within the container will decrease. The opposite is also true

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7
Q

What is the relationship of pressure and volume?

A

they are inversely related when volume goes up pressure goes down when volume goes down the pressure increases

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8
Q

How does air flow in the lungs?

A

It flows form regions of high pressure to regions of low pressure

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9
Q

What is the torso?

A

the trunk of the body without the head or exremities included

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10
Q

What does the change in volume drive?

A

The change is VOLUME drives the change in pressure, which causes the flow of air in and out of the lungs

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11
Q

How many total vertebrae are there?

A

32-33

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12
Q

How many cervical vertebrea are there?

A

7

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13
Q

What are the features of the cervical spine

A

smaller body bifid spinous process transverse foramen triangular neuroal arch

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14
Q

What are the two special cervical vertebrae?

A

C1= atlas C2 = axis

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15
Q

What does C1 the atlas do?

A

supports the skull allows us to nod our heads articulates with C2 support sthe head superiorly two lateral mases

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16
Q

What does C2 thte axis do?

A

Allows us to pivot our head (lateral motion) rotates about the atlas and the skull

17
Q

What extra structures does the axis have?

A

otenoid process dens: strong tooth like vertical projection that articulates with the facet on the atlas has upersior and lateral facets for articulation above and below

18
Q

How many Thoracic vertebrae are there?

19
Q

What are the features of throacic vertebrae?

A

mid-sized vertebrae and they get larger the more inferior you to go

they attach to the ribs

no bifid spinous process

no transverse foramen

20
Q

What is the inferior costal facet?

A

part of the thoracic vertebrae, above that connects to the head of the rib

21
Q

What is the superior costal facet?

A

part of the thoracic vertebrae immediately below that connects to the head of the rib

22
Q

What is the transverse costal facet?

A

The transverse process of the thoracic vertebrae that is below connecting to the tubercle

23
Q

How many contact points with the throacic vertebrae for each rib are there?

24
Q

How many lumbar vertebrae

25
What are the features of lumbar vertebrae?
largest sized certebrae no bifid spinous processes no transverse foramen no costal facets
26
Where do the spinal nerves enter/exti?
The vertebral notch
27
How many sacral bones are fused together?
5 bones fused together
28
Where do the nerves and blood vessels pass through in the sacrum?
sacral foramina
29
What are the functions of the verteral column?
Support: upriht posture and head support Attachment: attachments for ribs, muscles and abdomen Protect: protection for the spinal cord
30
What are the normal curtatures of the spine?
Cervical: convex centrally Throacic: concave entrally Lumbar: convex ventrally (more so in females) Sacral and Coccyx: concave ventral and superiorly there can be a slight lateral curve
31
What are the abnormal curvatures of the spinal column?
Kyphosis Lordosis Scoliosis
32
What is Kyphosis "hunchback"?
increased throacic curvature
33
What is lordosis "swayback"?
increased lumbar convexity
34
What is scoliosis "lateral curve"?