Lecture 9 (Exam 2)

Question 1

This is the most common long bone to be fractured. It has relatively poor blood supply.

Answer 1

Tibia

Question 2

The anteromedial surface of this leg bone is “bare” making it available for bone grafts.

Answer 2

Tibia

Question 3

The tibia has a soleal (oblique) line on its (ANTERIOR/POSTERIOR) surface.

Answer 3

Posterior

Question 4

This leg bone has a lateral malleolus important in ankle stability. It is a site for muscle attachment.

Answer 4

Fibula

Question 5

What are the anterior, proximal components of the tibia?

Answer 5

Medial and lateral condyles
Tuberosity
Tubercles of intercondylar eminence

Question 6

What are the posterior, proximal components of the tibia?

Answer 6

Medial and lateral condyles
Tubercles of intercondylar eminence
Articular facet for fibula
Soleal line

Question 7

The articular facet for fibula is located on the inferior surface of the (MEDIAL/LATERAL) condyle.

Answer 7

Lateral

Question 8

The soleal line of the tibia is a shallow rough ridge curving down from the (MEDIAL/LATERAL) condyle.

Answer 8

Lateral

Question 9

What is the anterior, distal component of the tibia?

Answer 9

Medial malleolus

Question 10

The lateral, distal component of the tibia consists of…

Answer 10

Fibular notch

Soleal line

Question 11

What are the components of the proximal end of the fibula?

Answer 11

Head
Apex (styloid process)
Articular surface for lateral condyle of tibia

Question 12

What is at the distal end of the fibula?

Answer 12

Lateral malleolus (with articular surface for talus)

Question 13

Both the tibia and fibula have _________ borders. These face each other when the two bones are articulated and is the site of attachment of the _________ membrane.

Answer 13

Interosseous

Interosseous

Question 14

The ______ ______ is continuous with fascia latae, which is an attachment to the anterior and medial borders of the tibia. It is continuous with the periosteum and leaves a bare area.

Answer 14

Crural fascia

Question 15

The crural fascia forms the ________ in the foot.

Answer 15

Retinacula

Question 16

The (SUPERIOR/INFERIOR) (extensor) retinaculum is proximal to the malleoli and binds tendons in the anterior crural compartment.

Answer 16

Superior

Question 17

The (SUPERIOR/INFERIOR) (extensor) retinaculum is “Y”-shaped.

Answer 17

Inferior

Question 18

The (EXTENSOR/FLEXOR) retinaculum binds tendons of the deep posterior compartment.

Answer 18

Flexor

Question 19

Superior/inferior ________ retinacula bind tendons of lateral crural compartment.

Answer 19

Peroneal

Question 20

The anterior compartment of the leg has the ______ ______ nerve territory, and the ________ of foot and toes.

Answer 20

Deep fibular

Dorsiflexors

Question 21

The lateral compartment of the leg has the ______ ______ nerve territory, and the _______ of the foot.

Answer 21

Superficial fibular

Elevators

Question 22

The posterior compartment of the leg has the ______ nerve and the _______ _______ of foot and toes.

Answer 22

Tibial

Plantar flexors

Question 23

In the superficial, posterior compartment of the leg, this cutaneous nerve comes from the common peroneal (fibular) nerve.

Answer 23

Lateral sural cutaneous nerve

Question 24

In the superficial, posterior compartment of the leg, this cutaneous nerve comes from the tibial nerve.

Answer 24

Medial sural cutaneous nerve

Question 25

The sural nerve runs with which vein?

Answer 25

Lesser saphenous vein

Question 26

This muscle of the leg crosses both knee and ankle joint. It has two heads that form the inferior boundaries of the popliteal fossa.

Answer 26

Gastrocnemius

Question 27

The lateral head of the gastrocnemius may have a small sesamoid bone, called...

Answer 27

Fabella

Question 28

This muscle of the leg may be absent. The tendon may be used for hand surgery.

Answer 28

Plantaris

Question 29

This muscle of the leg is a broad, multipennate muscle. It is a unijoint muscle, and is deep to the gastrocnemius.

Answer 29

Soleus

Question 30

What is the triceps surae composed of?

Answer 30

Soleus and two heads of gastrocnemius

Question 31

A common insertion point for muscles of the leg is the calcaneus via tendo calcaneus, also called _______ tendon.

Answer 31

Achilles

Question 32

This nerve supplies all muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg.

Answer 32

Tibial nerve

Question 33

The tibial nerve divides into medial and lateral ______ nerves inferior and posterior to the medial malleolus.

Answer 33

Plantar

Question 34

The tibial nerve joins with the communicating branch of common peroneal (fibular) nerve to form which nerve?

Answer 34

Sural nerve (Medial sural cutaneous nerve comes from tibia)

Question 35

This is the largest branch of popliteal artery, and divides into medial and lateral plantar arteries deep to the origin of the abductor hallucis muscle.

Answer 35

Posterior tibial artery

Question 36

This is the most important branch of posterior tibial artery. It supplies the lateral compartment, popliteus muscles, and other muscles in the posterior compartment.

Answer 36

Peroneal (fibular) artery

Question 37

This muscle of the leg lies in the floor of the popliteal fossa. It flexes and rotates the knee.

Answer 37

Popliteus

Question 38

This muscle of the leg has a tendon that passes posterior to the medial malleolus and to the tendon of tibialis posterior. It plantarflexes the foot at the ankle joint.

Answer 38

Flexor digitorum longus

Question 39

This muscle of the leg has a tendon that occupies the groove on the posterior surface of the talus. The tendon is continuous with the groove on the plantar surface of the sustentaculum tali, passes posterior to medial malleolus, and passes between two sesamoid bones. The is the push-off muscle for walking, jumping, and running.

Answer 39

Flexor hallucis longus

Question 40

This muscle of the leg functions in plantar flexion and foot inversion. It helps to maintain the medial longitudinal arch.

Answer 40

Tibialis posterior

Question 41

What is the nerve and blood supply of the deep posterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 41

Tibial nerve | Posterior tibial artery

Question 42

This muscle of the anterior compartment of the leg is lateral to the crest of the tibia. It performs foot dorsiflexion and inversion. L4-L5. Paralysis results in foot drop.

Answer 42

Tibialis anterior

Question 43

This muscle of the anterior compartment of the leg has four tendons of insertion. Each tendon inserts on an extensor expansion similar to the arrangement in the hand. It performs toe extension at MTP and also dorsiflexion.

Answer 43

Extensor digitorum longus

Question 44

This muscle of the anterior compartment of the leg is part of the extensor digitorum longus. It is sometimes missing and performs foot dorsiflexion and eversion.

Answer 44

Peroneus (fibularis) tertius

Question 45

This muscle of the anterior compartment of the leg is involved with extension of the big toe.

Answer 45

Extensor hallucis longus

Question 46

What are the main two actions performed by the anterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 46

Toe extension | Ankle dorsiflexion

Question 47

What innervates the anterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 47

Deep peroneal (fibular) nerve

Question 48

What gives the blood supply to the anterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 48

Anterior tibial artery

Question 49

The anterior tibial artery becomes the ______ ______ artery at the ankle joint.

Answer 49

Dorsalis pedis

Question 50

The anterior tibial artery is a smaller terminal branch of the ________ artery.

Answer 50

Popliteal

Question 51

This muscle of the lateral compartment of the leg is more superficial. It is easily palpated and its tendon uses the lateral malleolus as a pulley. The tendon crosses the sole of the foot and inserts on the first metatarsus and cuneiform. It helps to maintain transverse and longitudinal arches of the foot.

Answer 51

Peroneus (fibularis) longus

Question 52

This muscle of the lateral compartment of the leg is deep to the peroneus longus. It inserts on the lateral tuberosity and functions in plantar flexion and foot eversion.

Answer 52

Peroneus (fibularis) brevis

Question 53

What innervates the lateral compartment of the leg?

Answer 53

Superficial peroneal (fibular) nerve

Question 54

The superficial peroneal (fibular) nerve is deep to the peroneus longus and inserts on the _______ _______.

Answer 54

Lateral tuberosity

Question 55

There are no major arteries in the lateral compartment of the leg. Muscular branches arise from the _______ artery, which is a branch of the posterior tibial artery.

Answer 55

Peroneal

Question 56

The spinal cord levels of the lateral compartment of the leg are...

Answer 56

L5 | S1-S2