Lecture eight

Question 1

what are the functions of the cardiorespiratory system

Answer 1

delivery of O2 and nutrients, removal of CO2 and waste, transportation, maintenance, prevention

Question 2

what are the three components of the cardiac system

Answer 2

heart, blood vessels, blood

Question 3

what is stroke volume

Answer 3

how much blood out of the ventricle

Question 4

what is preload

Answer 4

aortic pressure, back pressure on the valve

Question 5

what is afterload

Answer 5

post ventricular contraction, pressure in the ventricle after blood has been shot out

Question 6

is the ejection fraction ever 100

Answer 6

no

Question 7

what is the intrensic rate of the SA node

Answer 7

100 bpm

Question 8

what is the intrensic rate of the AV node

Answer 8

60 bpm

Question 9

what is the intrensic rate of the punkje fibers

Answer 9

40 bpm

Question 10

what are the four components of the conductive system

Answer 10

SA node
av node
av bundle
purkinjie fibers

Question 11

function of the SA node

Answer 11

initiates impulse

Question 12

function of the AV node

Answer 12

moves impulse to ventricles

Question 13

function of the av bundle

Answer 13

travels down the septum to apex, also conducts impulse

Question 14

function of the purkinje fibers

Answer 14

spreads into ventricles

has delay firing

Question 15

what is blood pressure

Answer 15

the pressure exerted by blood on the vessel wall

Question 16

what is systolic blood pressure

Answer 16

highest pressure

occurs during contraction of the heart

Question 17

what is diastolic pressure

Answer 17

lowest pressure, occurs during filling, based on ventricle

Question 18

what is mean arterial pressure

Answer 18

the average pressure exerted by the blood as it travels through arteries

Question 19

what is the function of blood

Answer 19

transports gas, nutrients, and wastes,,,, regulates temp, buffers and balances acidity and helps to maintain the proper pH of efficient use of metabolic processes

Question 20

what is the cardiovascular responses to exercises

Answer 20

increase cardiac output, increase skin blood flow, decreased blood flow to kidneys and spleen. maintenance or small increase in blood flow to brain, increase flow to coronary arteries

Question 21

what does SV increase

Answer 21

increase preload, increase contractility, decreased resistance to flow

Question 22

what is the primary fuel of the heart

Answer 22

lactate

Question 23

what is the primary carbon source for energy production at 65% VO2 max and up

Answer 23

lactate

Question 24

what comes from lactate 4x more often than pyruvate with intense exercise

Answer 24

ATP

Question 25

is lactate O2 mediated

Answer 25

no

Question 26

is inspiration an active or passive

Answer 26

both, active with muscles but passive with air flow because of pressure

Question 27

in inspiration what happens to pressure

Answer 27

drops, increasing volume

Question 28

is expiration a passive or active

Answer 28

passive

Question 29

what happens to pressure in expiration

Answer 29

increases and volume decreases

Question 30

what is the function of pulmonary diffusion

Answer 30

replenish oxygen in blood, remove carbon dioxide from venous blood

Question 31

what is needed for pulmonary diffusion

Answer 31

air and blood

Question 32

what are the two ways o2 is carried in the blood

Answer 32

blood plasma and bound to hemoglobin

Question 33

what are some fast changes to take places from exercising

Answer 33

blood pressure and blood glucose and insulin sensitivity

Question 34

what are some chronic changes that take place from exercising

Answer 34

VO2 max, blood cholesterol levels, body composition

Question 35

what is the classic estimation equation for hr max

Answer 35

220- age

Question 36

what are the advantages for using THR for setting exercise intensity

Answer 36

built in individualized progression, accounts for environmental conditions, easily determined, learned and monitored

Question 37

what is target heart rate used for

Answer 37

intensity guide during activities

Question 38

if heart rate goes up what else does

Answer 38

VO2

Question 39

if higher intensity then what is the duration

Answer 39

short

Question 40

what are the METS/minutes per week you want

Answer 40

500 to 1000

Question 41

little additional gain in VO2 max after how many minutes

Answer 41

40

Question 42

if you pass 5 days of mod to vigorous activity do you have increase of VO2

Answer 42

no

Question 43

can you still get gains if you workout less than three days

Answer 43

yes but has to be high intensity

Question 44

what is a sign an individual is ready to progress from initiation stage

Answer 44

ability to exercise at upper level of frequency, duration, for two weeks without signs of excess fatigue/ muscle soreness

Question 45

what is the improvement stage

Answer 45

progressive overload, small increases each week | frequency, intensity and duration should not be increased together in any week

Question 46

what is the maintenance stage

Answer 46

lifelong process | retest goals and establish new goals

Question 47

how to improve VO2 max

Answer 47

longer, slower distane,, interval training, and high intensity, continuous exercise INTENSITY

Question 48

what is the best method of increasing VO2 max and lactate threshold

Answer 48

high intensity exercise | 25 to 50 min

Question 49

CRF has a strong relationship with

Answer 49

mortality risk

Question 50

what is a maximal test for CRF

Answer 50

open circuit spirometry true max on treadmill peak test on bike

Question 51

what is a graded exercise test

Answer 51

evaluate CRF programs for healthy/ diseased populations | use ECG

Question 52

what is the gold standard for CRF

Answer 52

lab tests