what characteristics are in a correlational study
typically use a single group variable not manipulated cant determine cause and effect used to predict something
what is morbidity
any departure from a state of physical or psychological well-being, short of death
what are the R ranges
-1.0 to 1.0
what is health
a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmary
what is a bias
any tendency which prevents unprejudiced consideration of a question
what is a prospective study
follow a group over a period of time who differ on certain factors
what is skill-related fitness
things that are necessary for optimal sport or work related performance
what does correlation mean
relationship between two or more things
what are the five things associated with performance-related fitness
motor skills cardiorespiratory endurance muscular strength and power speed body size and composition
what is a prospective study better
track data in real time better data
what is wrong with retrospective study
recall bias
what is a relative risk
probability of an event occurring in an "exposed" group vs a "non-exposed" group
what happens if RR is below one
decrease risk
is a causation experiment a true experiment
yes because one independent variable was manipulated
what is disease prevalence
total number of cases in a population at a given time divided by the population size; how common is a disease
what is disease incidence
number of new cases that occur in a specific time period divided by total population; risk of developing a disease
is correlation a true experiment
no because nothing was manipulated
what is a strong R
+/- .7 to 1.00
what are chronic diseases
diseases that occur/persist over a prolonged duration of time
what is a retrospective study
look backwards on subjects who already possess a given trait look back to see if there are characteristics of these patients that differ from those who don't have the disease
what happens if RR is above one
increase risk
what does cofounders lead to
bias that distort the magnitude of the relationship between two factors of interest
what does causation mean
that act of causing something
what is the norm RR
1
what is the dependent variable
outcome variable
what five things are associated with health-related fitness
body size and composition, bone density cardiorespiratory endurance muscular strength and endurance balance, agility metabolic function
what five things are associated with skill-related fitness
motor skills agility coordination balance reaction time
how is morbidity expressed
the number of persons who are ill or have a specific condition per unit of population per year
what is performance-related fitness
things that are necessary for optimal sport or work related performance
what is a mod R
+/- .30 to .69
what is a weak R
+/- .00 to .29
what is a cofounder
an unobserved exposure associated with the exposure of interest and is a potential cause of the outcome of interes
what is a health burden
anything that keeps you from being healthy
what is health-related fitness
things that are affected favorable or unfavorable by habitual physical activity and that relate to "health" traits and capacities that are associated with a low risk for the development of chronic diseases and premature death
what does a correlation experiment contain
mathmatical r-value
what is an independent variable
what is manipulated
what is a pearson correlation coefficient
r
can relative risk ever be negative
no
what two goals does fitness focus on
performance health
what does a Negative r mean
the variables change in opposite direction, inversely correlated
what is physical fitness
the ability to perform muscular work satisfactorily attained some abilities that permit acceptable performance of a given task in a specified physical, social, and psychological environment
a correlation describes the relationship between two variables in terms of:
direction magnitude (effect size)
what are the 8 dimensions of wellness
physical social emotional environmental spiritual financial intellectual occupational
what is the #1 cause of death in young folks
unintentional injuries
