Lecture One

Question 1

what characteristics are in a correlational study

Answer 1

typically use a single group variable not manipulated cant determine cause and effect used to predict something

Question 2

what is morbidity

Answer 2

any departure from a state of physical or psychological well-being, short of death

Question 3

what are the R ranges

Answer 3

-1.0 to 1.0

Question 4

what is health

Answer 4

a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmary

Question 5

what is a bias

Answer 5

any tendency which prevents unprejudiced consideration of a question

Question 6

what is a prospective study

Answer 6

follow a group over a period of time who differ on certain factors

Question 7

what is skill-related fitness

Answer 7

things that are necessary for optimal sport or work related performance

Question 8

what does correlation mean

Answer 8

relationship between two or more things

Question 9

what are the five things associated with performance-related fitness

Answer 9

motor skills cardiorespiratory endurance muscular strength and power speed body size and composition

Question 10

what is a prospective study better

Answer 10

track data in real time better data

Question 11

what is wrong with retrospective study

Answer 11

recall bias

Question 12

what is a relative risk

Answer 12

probability of an event occurring in an “exposed” group vs a “non-exposed” group

Question 13

what happens if RR is below one

Answer 13

decrease risk

Question 14

is a causation experiment a true experiment

Answer 14

yes because one independent variable was manipulated

Question 15

what is disease prevalence

Answer 15

total number of cases in a population at a given time divided by the population size; how common is a disease

Question 16

what is disease incidence

Answer 16

number of new cases that occur in a specific time period divided by total population; risk of developing a disease

Question 17

is correlation a true experiment

Answer 17

no because nothing was manipulated

Question 18

what is a strong R

Answer 18

+/- .7 to 1.00

Question 19

what are chronic diseases

Answer 19

diseases that occur/persist over a prolonged duration of time

Question 20

what is a retrospective study

Answer 20

look backwards on subjects who already possess a given trait look back to see if there are characteristics of these patients that differ from those who don’t have the disease

Question 21

what happens if RR is above one

Answer 21

increase risk

Question 22

what does cofounders lead to

Answer 22

bias that distort the magnitude of the relationship between two factors of interest

Question 23

what does causation mean

Answer 23

that act of causing something

Question 24

what is the norm RR

Answer 24

1

Question 25

what is the dependent variable

Answer 25

outcome variable

Question 26

what five things are associated with health-related fitness

Answer 26

body size and composition, bone density cardiorespiratory endurance muscular strength and endurance balance, agility metabolic function

Question 27

what five things are associated with skill-related fitness

Answer 27

motor skills agility coordination balance reaction time

Question 28

how is morbidity expressed

Answer 28

the number of persons who are ill or have a specific condition per unit of population per year

Question 29

what is performance-related fitness

Answer 29

things that are necessary for optimal sport or work related performance

Question 30

what is a mod R

Answer 30

+/- .30 to .69

Question 31

what is a weak R

Answer 31

+/- .00 to .29

Question 32

what is a cofounder

Answer 32

an unobserved exposure associated with the exposure of interest and is a potential cause of the outcome of interes

Question 33

what is a health burden

Answer 33

anything that keeps you from being healthy

Question 34

what is health-related fitness

Answer 34

things that are affected favorable or unfavorable by habitual physical activity and that relate to "health" traits and capacities that are associated with a low risk for the development of chronic diseases and premature death

Question 35

what does a correlation experiment contain

Answer 35

mathmatical r-value

Question 36

what is an independent variable

Answer 36

what is manipulated

Question 37

what is a pearson correlation coefficient

Answer 37

r

Question 38

can relative risk ever be negative

Answer 38

no

Question 39

what two goals does fitness focus on

Answer 39

performance health

Question 40

what does a Negative r mean

Answer 40

the variables change in opposite direction, inversely correlated

Question 41

what is physical fitness

Answer 41

the ability to perform muscular work satisfactorily attained some abilities that permit acceptable performance of a given task in a specified physical, social, and psychological environment

Question 42

a correlation describes the relationship between two variables in terms of:

Answer 42

direction magnitude (effect size)

Question 43

what are the 8 dimensions of wellness

Answer 43

physical social emotional environmental spiritual financial intellectual occupational

Question 44

what is the #1 cause of death in young folks

Answer 44

unintentional injuries