Lecture exam #2

Question 0

Epidermis

Answer 0

Stratified squamous epithelium
Avascular
Contains free nerve endings

Question 1

Skin consists of 2 layers

Answer 1

Epidermis and Dermis

Question 2

Dermis

Answer 2

Connective tissue

Contains blood vessels and nerves

Question 3

Stratum basale = stratum germinattivum

Answer 3

• Deepest layer
• -Mostly keratinocyte stem cells
• SINGLE layer of columnar shaped cells

Actively mitotic

Question 4

Stratum spinosum

second layer from bottom

Answer 4

Several layers
Looks prickly
Contains: keratinocytes, dendritic cells, melanin, pre-keratin filaments

Question 5

Stratum Granulosum (3rd layer from bottom)

Answer 5

Mitosis to make cells tough & protective
Granules:: keratohyaline & lamellated

HOLDS DARKER STAIN

Question 6

Stratum lucidum

Answer 6

Only thick skin (4th layer up)

2-3 rows of clear, flat, dead keratinocytes

Question 7

Stratum corneum (top layer )

Answer 7

Cells are dead

Protects; physical barrier

Question 8

2 main cell types in dermis

Answer 8

Fibroblasts, macrophages &

sometimes mast cells & WBC

Question 9

3 sensory structures of dermis

Answer 9

Miessner’s corpuscles - light touch
Pacinian corpuscles- deep pressure & vibration

Free nerve endings- respond to pain

Question 10

4 accessory organs of skin

Answer 10

1. Sweat glands
   a) eccrine b) apocrine both merocrine glands
2. Sebaceous (oil) glands
3. nails
4. Hair

Question 11

PERICHONDRIUM (dense Ct)

Answer 11

Surrounds cartilage
Provides nutrient supply
Provides structural support

Question 12

Skeletal cartilages

Answer 12

Hyaline
Elastic
Fibrocartilage

Question 13

Growth of cartilage

Answer 13

Flexible matrix allows for mitosis

Question 14

2 types of bone growth

Answer 14

Appositional– outward expansion

Interstitial growth– expansion from within

Question 15

Storage in bones (5)

Answer 15

Minerals (calcium &phosphorus)
Growth factors 
Triglycerides- fat storage 
Blood cell formation (hematopoiesis) in marrow cavities 
Hormone production (osteocalcin)

Question 16

Epiphyses

Answer 16

Ends of bones

Question 17

Articulate cartilage

Answer 17

Hyaline cartilage covering joints surface

Question 18

Diaphysis

Answer 18

Shaft- surrounds marrow cavity

Question 19

Medullary cavity

Answer 19

Filled with marrow.

Yellow=fat Red = infants

Question 20

Epiphyseal line

Answer 20

Remnant of epiphyseal plate- growth plate

Question 21

Periosteum

Answer 21

Double layered membrane covering surface of bone

Question 22

Sharpey’s fibers

Answer 22

Attach periosteum to bone

Question 23

Endosteum

Answer 23

Membrane covers internal surface and bone.

Contain bone building and bone destroying cells

Question 24

Red marrow

Answer 24

Hematopoietic tissue

Question 25

Yellow marrow

Answer 25

Fat in medullary cavities