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Clinical Parasitology > Lecture: Intro to Parasitology > Flashcards

Lecture: Intro to Parasitology Flashcards

1
Q

The science that deals with the study of living organism that depends on another organism for the purpose of procuring food and securing protection.

A

Parasitology

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2
Q

Organisms that obtain its food and shelter from another organism and derive all the benefits from the association.

A

Parasites

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3
Q

Organism that provides physical protection and nourishment to the parasites.

A

Host

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4
Q

Harbors the adult/sexual stage of the parasites.

A

Final or Definitive Host

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5
Q

Harbors part or all the larval stages of the parasites.

A

Intermediate Host

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6
Q

Harbors the early larval stages of the parasites.

A

First Intermediate Host

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7
Q

Harbors the infective larval stage of the parasite.

A

Second Intermediate Host

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8
Q

These hosts ensure the continuity of the life cycle of the parasites and act as additional source of infection.

A

Reservoir Host

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9
Q

Harbors the parasite in an arrested state of development. However, the parasite is capable of continuing its life cycle in a suitable host.

A

Paratenic Host

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10
Q

A process by which one organism, the parasite, living for or part of its life cycle on or within another, the host, obtains its energy or sustenance from the latter while producing effects that range from no demonstrable effect to severe pathology and death.

A

Parasitism

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11
Q

A close association between two organisms that is permanent wherein one cannot exist independently.

A

Symbiosis

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12
Q

An association that is beneficial to both the parasites and the host in which one can still survive even without the other.

A

Mutualism

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13
Q

Only the parasite benefit from the association while the host is unaffected.

A

Commensalism

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14
Q

Factors Affecting Transmission of Parasites

A

The source of infection
An effective mode of transmission and portal of entry
The presence of a susceptible host
Successful entry of the infective stage of the parasite

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15
Q

These parasites require further development in the soil before they become infective.

A

Soil-Transmitted Group (Soil-Transmitted Helminths, STH)

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16
Q

These group requires further development within the body of snail which serves as their intermediate host before they can become infective.

A

Snail-Transmitted Group

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17
Q

Some species of insects act as vectors of parasitic diseases such as mosquitoes, sandfly and Tsetse fly

A

Arthropod-Transmitted Group

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18
Q

Organisms that transmit parasites to man and may serve as intermediate host or definitive host to some parasite.

A

Vectors

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19
Q

Vector that is essential in the life cycle

A

Biological Vector

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20
Q

Vector that is inessential in the life cycle

A

Mechanical/Phoretic Vector

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21
Q

These group requires further development in the flesh of some animals that man consume.

A

Animal/Food-Transmitted Group

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22
Q

Person to person transmission, wherein the parasites require no further development and are readily infective.

A

Contact-Transmitted Group

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23
Q

In this case, the infected person is his own source of re-exposure.

A

Autoinfection (One’s self)

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24
Q

Parasites that are ingested in its infective stage.

A

Cyst of Entamoeba histolytica
Embryonated egg of Ascaris lumbricoides
Trichuris trichiura

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25
Q

Parasite that is acquired by intimate oral contact/kissing.

A

Trichomonas tenax

26
Q

Parasites that are acquired by active larval penetration/skin penetration.

A

Hookworms
Strongyloides
Schistosomes

27
Q

Parasites that are acquired by bite of arthropod vector.

A

Plasmodium
Wuchereria

28
Q

Parasites that are acquired through sexual intercourse (Genitals)

A

Trichomonas vaginalis
Entamoeba histolytica

29
Q

Parasites that are acquired through inhalation (Nose/Intranasal Cavity)

A

Enterobius vermicularis
Naegleria

30
Q

Parasites cross the placental barrier (Transplacental)

A

Toxoplasma gondii

31
Q

The interval between exposure to the parasites and the appearance of the earliest signs and symptoms.

A

Clinical Incubation Period

32
Q

The development of the parasite in a particular host and demonstration of the stages of the parasites in the different specimens.

A

Biological Incubation Period

33
Q

The development of a parasite which involves the survival and development in the external environment and in one or more hosts.

A

Life Cycle

34
Q

This method of diagnosis is based on the recognition of the characteristic signs and symptoms of the infection of disease.

A

Clinical Diagnosis

35
Q

This method of diagnosis is based on the identification of the parasites in the different specimens.

A

Laboratory Diagnosis

36
Q

The body of knowledge that concerns diseases in human population or communities rather than in individuals.

A

Epidemiology

37
Q

When a disease in human population maintains a relatively steady, moderate level

A

Endemic

38
Q

If there is a sharp rise in the incidence or an out-break of considerable intensity occurs.

A

Epidemic

39
Q

If the prevalence of a disease in a community is high.

A

Hyperendemic

40
Q

The disease covers extensive area of the world.

A

Pandemic

41
Q

If it appears only occasionally in one or at most few members of a community.

A

Sporadic

42
Q

Parasites that live within the body of the host.

A

Endoparasite

43
Q

Parasites that live outside or on the surface of the body of the host.

A

Ectoparasite

44
Q

Parasites that cause injury by its mechanical, traumatic or toxic activities.

A

Pathogenic

45
Q

Parasites that derives benefits from the host without causing any considerable damage or harm.

A

Non-Pathogenic

46
Q

Parasites that takes up a permanent residence and is completely dependent upon its host for existence throughout its life..

A

Obligate

47
Q

Parasites that are capable of leading both free and parasitic existence under favorable or appropriate circumstances

A

Facultative

48
Q

Parasites that establishes itself in a host in which it does not ordinarily lives.

A

Incidental

49
Q

Parasites that are free living during part of existence and seeks only its host intermittently to obtain nourishment.

A

Temporary

50
Q

Parasites that remains on or in the body of the host from early life to maturity.

A

Permanent

51
Q

Parasites which parasitizes other hosts and recovered in a living or dead state from human excreta; no further development and do not cause injury or damage.

A

Spurious / Coprozoic

52
Q

This is the common portal of entry of most intestinal parasites.

A

Mouth

53
Q

Parasites that are part of Soil-Transmitted Helminths

A

Ascaris lumbricoides
Trichuris trichiura
Hookworms

54
Q

Parasites that are part of Snail-Transmitted Group

A

Flukes (trematodes)

55
Q

Parasites that need vectors

A

Plasmodium
Filarial worms (Wuchereria bancrofti)

56
Q

Parasites found in raw pork

A

Trichinella spiralis
Taenia solium

57
Q

Parasite found in raw beef

A

Taenia saginata

58
Q

Parasites that are part of Contact-Transmitted Group

A

Enterobius vermicularis
Trichomonas vaginalis

59
Q

Parasites that are part of autoinfection

A

Enterobius vermicularis
Strongyloides stercolaris

60
Q

Some infected individual that do not show any signs and symptoms and are known as

A

Carrier

Clinical Parasitology (12 decks)

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