Lecture: Intro to Parasitology

Question 1

The science that deals with the study of living organism that depends on another organism for the purpose of procuring food and securing protection.

Answer 1

Parasitology

Question 2

Organisms that obtain its food and shelter from another organism and derive all the benefits from the association.

Answer 2

Parasites

Question 3

Organism that provides physical protection and nourishment to the parasites.

Answer 3

Host

Question 4

Harbors the adult/sexual stage of the parasites.

Answer 4

Final or Definitive Host

Question 5

Harbors part or all the larval stages of the parasites.

Answer 5

Intermediate Host

Question 6

Harbors the early larval stages of the parasites.

Answer 6

First Intermediate Host

Question 7

Harbors the infective larval stage of the parasite.

Answer 7

Second Intermediate Host

Question 8

These hosts ensure the continuity of the life cycle of the parasites and act as additional source of infection.

Answer 8

Reservoir Host

Question 9

Harbors the parasite in an arrested state of development. However, the parasite is capable of continuing its life cycle in a suitable host.

Answer 9

Paratenic Host

Question 10

A process by which one organism, the parasite, living for or part of its life cycle on or within another, the host, obtains its energy or sustenance from the latter while producing effects that range from no demonstrable effect to severe pathology and death.

Answer 10

Parasitism

Question 11

A close association between two organisms that is permanent wherein one cannot exist independently.

Answer 11

Symbiosis

Question 12

An association that is beneficial to both the parasites and the host in which one can still survive even without the other.

Answer 12

Mutualism

Question 13

Only the parasite benefit from the association while the host is unaffected.

Answer 13

Commensalism

Question 14

Factors Affecting Transmission of Parasites

Answer 14

The source of infection
An effective mode of transmission and portal of entry
The presence of a susceptible host
Successful entry of the infective stage of the parasite

Question 15

These parasites require further development in the soil before they become infective.

Answer 15

Soil-Transmitted Group (Soil-Transmitted Helminths, STH)

Question 16

These group requires further development within the body of snail which serves as their intermediate host before they can become infective.

Answer 16

Snail-Transmitted Group

Question 17

Some species of insects act as vectors of parasitic diseases such as mosquitoes, sandfly and Tsetse fly

Answer 17

Arthropod-Transmitted Group

Question 18

Organisms that transmit parasites to man and may serve as intermediate host or definitive host to some parasite.

Answer 18

Vectors

Question 19

Vector that is essential in the life cycle

Answer 19

Biological Vector

Question 20

Vector that is inessential in the life cycle

Answer 20

Mechanical/Phoretic Vector

Question 21

These group requires further development in the flesh of some animals that man consume.

Answer 21

Animal/Food-Transmitted Group

Question 22

Person to person transmission, wherein the parasites require no further development and are readily infective.

Answer 22

Contact-Transmitted Group

Question 23

In this case, the infected person is his own source of re-exposure.

Answer 23

Autoinfection (One’s self)

Question 24

Parasites that are ingested in its infective stage.

Answer 24

Cyst of Entamoeba histolytica
Embryonated egg of Ascaris lumbricoides
Trichuris trichiura

Question 25

Parasite that is acquired by intimate oral contact/kissing.

Answer 25

Trichomonas tenax

Question 26

Parasites that are acquired by active larval penetration/skin penetration.

Answer 26

Hookworms Strongyloides Schistosomes

Question 27

Parasites that are acquired by bite of arthropod vector.

Answer 27

Plasmodium Wuchereria

Question 28

Parasites that are acquired through sexual intercourse (Genitals)

Answer 28

Trichomonas vaginalis Entamoeba histolytica

Question 29

Parasites that are acquired through inhalation (Nose/Intranasal Cavity)

Answer 29

Enterobius vermicularis Naegleria

Question 30

Parasites cross the placental barrier (Transplacental)

Answer 30

Toxoplasma gondii

Question 31

The interval between exposure to the parasites and the appearance of the earliest signs and symptoms.

Answer 31

Clinical Incubation Period

Question 32

The development of the parasite in a particular host and demonstration of the stages of the parasites in the different specimens.

Answer 32

Biological Incubation Period

Question 33

The development of a parasite which involves the survival and development in the external environment and in one or more hosts.

Answer 33

Life Cycle

Question 34

This method of diagnosis is based on the recognition of the characteristic signs and symptoms of the infection of disease.

Answer 34

Clinical Diagnosis

Question 35

This method of diagnosis is based on the identification of the parasites in the different specimens.

Answer 35

Laboratory Diagnosis

Question 36

The body of knowledge that concerns diseases in human population or communities rather than in individuals.

Answer 36

Epidemiology

Question 37

When a disease in human population maintains a relatively steady, moderate level

Answer 37

Endemic

Question 38

If there is a sharp rise in the incidence or an out-break of considerable intensity occurs.

Answer 38

Epidemic

Question 39

If the prevalence of a disease in a community is high.

Answer 39

Hyperendemic

Question 40

The disease covers extensive area of the world.

Answer 40

Pandemic

Question 41

If it appears only occasionally in one or at most few members of a community.

Answer 41

Sporadic

Question 42

Parasites that live within the body of the host.

Answer 42

Endoparasite

Question 43

Parasites that live outside or on the surface of the body of the host.

Answer 43

Ectoparasite

Question 44

Parasites that cause injury by its mechanical, traumatic or toxic activities.

Answer 44

Pathogenic

Question 45

Parasites that derives benefits from the host without causing any considerable damage or harm.

Answer 45

Non-Pathogenic

Question 46

Parasites that takes up a permanent residence and is completely dependent upon its host for existence throughout its life..

Answer 46

Obligate

Question 47

Parasites that are capable of leading both free and parasitic existence under favorable or appropriate circumstances

Answer 47

Facultative

Question 48

Parasites that establishes itself in a host in which it does not ordinarily lives.

Answer 48

Incidental

Question 49

Parasites that are free living during part of existence and seeks only its host intermittently to obtain nourishment.

Answer 49

Temporary

Question 50

Parasites that remains on or in the body of the host from early life to maturity.

Answer 50

Permanent

Question 51

Parasites which parasitizes other hosts and recovered in a living or dead state from human excreta; no further development and do not cause injury or damage.

Answer 51

Spurious / Coprozoic

Question 52

This is the common portal of entry of most intestinal parasites.

Answer 52

Mouth

Question 53

Parasites that are part of Soil-Transmitted Helminths

Answer 53

Ascaris lumbricoides Trichuris trichiura Hookworms

Question 54

Parasites that are part of Snail-Transmitted Group

Answer 54

Flukes (trematodes)

Question 55

Parasites that need vectors

Answer 55

Plasmodium Filarial worms (Wuchereria bancrofti)

Question 56

Parasites found in raw pork

Answer 56

Trichinella spiralis Taenia solium

Question 57

Parasite found in raw beef

Answer 57

Taenia saginata

Question 58

Parasites that are part of Contact-Transmitted Group

Answer 58

Enterobius vermicularis Trichomonas vaginalis

Question 59

Parasites that are part of autoinfection

Answer 59

Enterobius vermicularis Strongyloides stercolaris

Question 60

Some infected individual that do not show any signs and symptoms and are known as

Answer 60

Carrier