Lecture NC's I

Question 1

Tests that monitor hepatocellular damage tast for

Answer 1

Conjugated Bilirubin, Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)

Question 2

Leak from damaged liver cells

Answer 2

ALT and AST

Question 3

Tests that monitor hepatic synthetic capacity test for

Answer 3

Albumin, and clotting factors

Question 4

How do we test the clotting factors?

Answer 4

Measure prothrombin time (PT/INR)

Question 5

Transferrin is saturated with iron and ferritin is greatly increased w/

Answer 5

Hemochromatosis

Question 6

Tests that suggest cholestasis include

Answer 6

Alkaline phosphatase, gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) and conjugated bilirubin

Question 7

Increased alkaline phosphatase may suggest

Answer 7

Cholestasis

Question 8

But to be sure it is cholestasis, we want to look for elevations in

Answer 8

Alkaline phosphatase and GGT

Question 9

Vitamin K and biotin are synthesized by our

Answer 9

Gut bacteria

Question 10

Diseases that cause fat malabsorption like cystic fibrosis can also cause

Answer 10

Fat soluble vitamin deficiencies

Question 11

A genetically modified rice in which beta carotene is synthesized, thus producing a good source of Vitamin A

Answer 11

Golden Rice

Question 12

Works by taking the “oxidative hit” from free radicals, thus sparing the membrane phospholipids

Answer 12

Vitamin E

Question 13

Primarily a neurological disease

Answer 13

Dry Beri Beri

Question 14

Primarily a cardiovascular disease

Answer 14

Wet Beri Beri

Question 15

Serves as a cofactor for the folate metabolizing enzyme, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR)

Answer 15

FAD

Question 16

It takes 60mg of tryptophan to make 1mg of

Answer 16

Niacin

Question 17

Comes from the diet and is produced by gut flora

Answer 17

Biotin

Question 18

Involved in many reactions related to protein catabolism, fatty acid synthesis, and gluconeogenesis

Answer 18

Biotin

Question 19

Refers to the biochemical transfer of a carbon-hydrogen unit (CH2) that originates in the amino acid serine, and which is transferred to a form of folate, tetrahydrofolate

Answer 19

One-carbon metabolism

Question 20

The resulting methylene-THF then

Answer 20

Donates CH2 for multiple things

Question 21

A sulfur amino acid and product of methionnine metabolism

Answer 21

Homocysteine

Question 22

Is either remethylated by methylene-THF to reform methionine in a B12 dependent reaction, or it is catabolised to cysteine in two consecutive B6 reactions

Answer 22

Homocysteine

Question 23

A folate analog that was one of the first chemotherapies

Answer 23

Methotrexate

Question 24

In lower doses, methotrexate is used to treat

Answer 24

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Question 25

More effective at preventing strokes when administered with folic acid

Answer 25

Enalopril

Question 26

This is probably related to the folic acid induced decrease in

Answer 26

Homocysteine

Question 27

Toxic levels of folic acid can mask or exacerbate

Answer 27

B12 deficiency