Lecture notes

Question 1

Widely used material for aircraft construction

Answer 1

Alominium alloy, duralumin

Question 2

What type of wing does a cessna have

Answer 2

High wing with strut

Question 3

Aluminium alloys have

Answer 3

• High thermal and electrical conducitivity
• Good corrosion resistance

Question 4

Titanium

Answer 4

Lightweight, high strength, corrosion and tmp resistant. But very expensive

Question 5

Two types of wing support

Answer 5

Braced
Cantilever

Question 6

Which aircraft has braced support wing?

Answer 6

Cessna

Question 7

Cantilever is

Answer 7

Self-supporting wing

Question 8

Wings structure is made of

Answer 8

Ribs and spars

Question 9

Wing torque box

Answer 9

Carries all the aircraft loads on the fueslage, in the center between the wings

Question 10

Flutter

Answer 10

Self-exciting vibration under interaciton of aerodynamic force.

Question 11

How can flutter be avoided

Answer 11

By a proper mass and balance of the CONTROL SURFACE by moving CG onto or ahead of the hinge line

Question 12

MZFW

Answer 12

Maximum Zero fuel weight. The maximum aircraft weight with fuel allowed

Question 13

Types of fuselage structures

Answer 13

Framework, Monocoque, Semi-Monocoque, reinforced steel

Question 14

Framework (structure)

Answer 14

Small airplanes, the framework takes all the loads

Question 15

Monocoque

Answer 15

External skin takes the load, made of framers (formers) to give its shape. Is heavy.

Question 16

Semi-monocoque

Answer 16

Skin takes majority of load by framers, longerons and stringers reinforce the skin and prevent deformation

Question 17

Reinforced steel

Answer 17

Comes from semi-monococuue, additional metal placed around apertures to provide more xsterngth.

Question 18

Honeycomb structure

Answer 18

Two layers of metal in between which a honeycomb shaped. Increase strength

Question 19

Flight windows are made of

Answer 19

Laminated glass or acrylic

Question 20

Active hyraulic system

Answer 20

System pressuizerd by a pressure pump (engine driven or air driven)

Question 21

Passive hydralulic system

Answer 21

Not pressurized by a pressure pump (hand or foot operated pumps used)

Question 22

If an hydraulic fuel is leaking internally,

Answer 22

Temparature of the fluid will rise

Question 23

Types of wheel connections

Answer 23

Cantilever, Fork, half fork, dual wheels

Question 24

Advantages of oleo leg/shock strut

Answer 24

• Sustain long periods in static load condition (parked)
• Absorb impact of landing
• Control the recoil of the landing

Question 25

Shock absorbers can be: 3

Answer 25

Oleo pneumatic Oil compression Spring suspension (C172)

Question 26

Torque link use

Answer 26

Prevent inner and outer cylinder from rotating on each other

Question 27

Brakes convert ____ energy into ____ energy

Answer 27

Kinetic, heat

Question 28

Types of brakes

Answer 28

Drum, single disc, multiple disc

Question 29

Single disc brake

Answer 29

Disc is driven by the wheel and has two stationary brake pads on each side. Two hyd. pistons squeeze the disc when brakes are applied

Question 30

Multiple disc brake

Answer 30

Same as single disc, but multiple discs. Used on large aircrafts

Question 31

Tyre main componenst

Answer 31

Tread, belt, sidewall, bead

Question 32

The tyre tread provides us indication of

Answer 32

wear and grip

Question 33

Tyre wear, under-inflation leads to wear at the

Answer 33

shoulders

Question 34

Over-inflation leads to wear in

Answer 34

crown

Question 35

Hydroplaning

Answer 35

Where tyre loses contact with surface and slides on water

Question 36

Tyre creep

Answer 36

Tendency for the tire to slip about wheel. An example of no creep

Question 37

The primary flight controls are controlled by

Answer 37

direct mechanical linkage

Question 38

Icing can be prevented / eliminiating using 3

Answer 38

Pneumatic pressure, Electrical heat Fluid (alcohol spray)

Question 39

Fuel tanks types may be

Answer 39

-Flexible(bag) -Rigid (aluminion aloy or plastic) -Intergal (spars, ribs) used on large aircraft

Question 40

Fuel tanks must:

Answer 40

- Have sufficient space to allow contents to expand when heated - Baffles placed around so that fuel moves around the tank at manouvers

Question 41

Venting the fuel tanks helping

Answer 41

Adjust the pressure inside the tanks to the outside pressure

Question 42

Two ways of feeding the engine with fuel

Answer 42

Gravity-fed system Fuel pumps

Question 43

Coulombs

Answer 43

Electric charge 1A flow per second is 1C passing a point a second

Question 44

Electricity flows with the flow of electrons from ____ to ____

Answer 44

Negative to positive

Question 45

When a battery is almost fully discharged, there is a tendency for the voltage to

Answer 45

decrease

Question 46

For a rotating armature, to create DC we need a

Answer 46

comutator instead of slip rings

Question 47

Inverter is

Answer 47

a unit to conver DC to AC

Question 48

"Hot bus" or "direct bus" is a definition for a bus that is

Answer 48

directly connected to the battery

Question 49

Shock cooling

Question 50

An increase in RPM will _____ the AoA of the propellor

Answer 50

Incraese

Question 51

An increase in TAS will _____ the AoA of the propller

Answer 51

Decrease

Question 52

Supercharger and magneto to recap

Question 53

Supercharger

Answer 53

Engine driven air-pump which increases manifold pressure and forces fuel/air mixture into cylinders. The higher the manfiolrd pressure, the more dense the fuel/air and more power the engine will produce

Question 54

Brake horsepower

Answer 54

Actual amount of power delivered to the propeller shaft

Question 55

3 types of pressure gauges mechanisms

Answer 55

Aneroid (low pressure) Bellows (Intermediate) Bourdon tube (high)

Question 56

Turbocharger

Answer 56

Same as supercharger but used air from the exhaust

Question 57

True altitude

Answer 57

Actual height of an object ABOVE MEAN SEA LEVEL (not HEIGHT!!!)

Question 58

Denity altitude

Answer 58

Pressure altitude corrected for non-standart temp.

Question 59

TAS formula

Answer 59

1.75% CAS per 1000 of altitude

Question 60

ANDS (compass errors)

Answer 60

Accelerate North, Decelrate South

Question 61

An acceleration will show an apparent turn to the

Answer 61

north

Question 62

A deceleration will how an apparent turn to the south