Lecture Unit 2 Ch 14 Flashcards
(29 cards)
What protects the brain?
- Cranial bones
- Cranial meninges (pia, arachnoid, dura mater)
- Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
How does blood flow to the brain?
Via the vertebral and carotid arteries
How does blood flow back into the heart?
Via the jugular veins
How much oxygen supply does the brain use?
About 20%
What happens if the brains oxygen supply is interuppted?
Results in weakening, permanent damage, or death of brain cells
Side effects of glucose deficiency?
Mental confusion, dizziness, convulsions, and unconsciousness
What is the blood - brain barrier (BBB)?
Protects brains cells by acting as a selective barrier to prevent substances from passing through blood into the brain. Can prevent entry of therapeutic drugs
What happens to the BBB if there is a brain injury
BBB may breakdown and permits the passage of substances through the brain tissue
What is Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
A liquid that protects the brains and spinal cord against chemical and physical injuries.
What does CSF carry and where?
Oxygen, glucose, and other substances from the blood to nervous tissue cells
3 components of brainstem
Medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrains
What is reticular formation
Helps regulate muscle tone, alerts cortex to incoming sensory signals, and maintains consciousness and awakening from sleep
Functions of cerebellum
Coordination of skeletal muscle contractions, and maintenance of normal muscle tone, posture, and balance
3 components of diencephalon
thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus
Thalamus function
Relay station for sensory impulses (except smell) to cerebral cortex
Hypothalamus function
Controls many body activities and major regulator of homeostasis
Epithalamus function
Secretes melanin and involved in olfaction
What do parts of the diencephalon and circumventricular organs lack
Blood - brain barrier
What do circumventricular organs (CVO) do?
coordinate homeostatic activities of the endocrine and nervous system
What is the cerebral cortex made up of
Gray matter
Where is the limbic system found?
In the cerebral hemispheres and diencephalon
What are brain waves
Indicate electrical activity of the cerebral cortex
Cerebrocascular accident (stroke)
Loss of blood flow to the brain which damages brain tissue
Transient ischemic attack (TIA)
Temporary blockage of blood flow to brain
