Lesson 0: Exam Pointers

Question 1

Philosophy comes from

Answer 1

the greek term philos and sophia

Question 2

philo means

Answer 2

love

Question 3

sophia means

Answer 3

wisdom

Question 4

the pursuit of wisdom through asking fundamental questions about life, existence, knowledge, and ethics.

Answer 4

philosophy

Question 5

philosophers strive to understand

Answer 5

deeper truths about the world and human nature

Question 6

involves asking critical, probing questions to stimulate deeper thinking and discussion

Answer 6

socratic method

Question 7

socrates famously said

Answer 7

the unexamined life is not worth living

Question 8

This encourages individuals to reflect on their lives, their beliefs, and their choices.

Answer 8

“the unexamined life is not worth living” - socrates

Question 9

constantly questioning, Socrates believed we could

Answer 9

achieve greater clarity and wisdom

Question 10

involves viewing issues and problems in their entirety, taking all aspects into account

Answer 10

holistic thinking

Question 11

focuses on isolated parts without considering the whole.

Answer 11

partial thinking

Question 12

essential in philosophy as it allows for a more comprehensive understanding of complex issues.

Answer 12

holistic thinking

Question 13

about deeply considering and analyzing our thoughts, actions, and experiences

Answer 13

philosophical reflection

Question 14

It’s a way to examine the nature of reality, human behavior, and existence.

Answer 14

reflection

Question 15

helps us gain insights into ourselves and the world, promoting a more thoughtful approach to life.

Answer 15

reflection

Question 16

a philosophical movement that focuses on individual freedom, choice, and responsibility.

Answer 16

existentialism

Question 17

it emphasizes that humans create their own meaning in life through the decisions they make.

Answer 17

existentialism

Question 18

This perspective encourages personal authenticity and living in accordance with one’s true self, even in the face of life’s uncertainties.

Answer 18

existentialism

Question 19

how is philosophy and science similar

Answer 19

they are both ways of understanding the world

Question 20

how is philosophy and science different

Answer 20

their approaches

Question 21

philosophy is based on

Answer 21

reasoning and conceptual analysis

Question 22

science relies on

Answer 22

empirical evidence and experimentation

Question 23

philosophy asks

Answer 23

deeper why questions about meaning and existence

Question 24

science focuses on

Answer 24

how things happen in the natural world

Question 25

logical fallacies

Answer 25

ad hominem, false cause, appeal to force, equivocation fallacy

Question 26

appeal to force is also known as

Answer 26

ad baculum

Question 27

This fallacy occurs when someone attacks the person making an argument rather than addressing the argument itself.

Answer 27

ad hominem fallacy

Question 28

 It shifts focus away from the issue at hand by criticizing the person’s character or motive, which is irrelevant to the logic of the argument.

Answer 28

ad hominem fallacy

Question 29

assumes a cause-and-effect relationship between two unrelated events.

Answer 29

false cause fallacy

Question 30

Just because one event follows another, it does not mean the first caused the second.

Answer 30

false cause fallacy

Question 31

This is a common error in reasoning and can lead to faulty conclusions.

Answer 31

false cause fallacy

Question 32

occurs when someone uses threats or intimidation instead of logic to win an argument.

Answer 32

appeal to force (ad baculum)

Question 33

Rather than providing rational reasons, the speaker tries to coerce agreement through fear.

Answer 33

appeal to force (ad baculum)

Question 34

involves using a word with multiple meanings ambiguously in an argument, leading to a misleading or false conclusion.

Answer 34

equivocation fallacy

Question 35

This is often done unintentionally but can also be used deliberately to confuse or deceive.

Answer 35

equivocation fallacy

Question 36

philosophy perspectives

Answer 36

docta ignorantia; gabriel marcel's primary and secondary reflection; human person as an embodied spirit; importance of examining life

Question 37

docta ignorantia translated to

Answer 37

learned ignorance

Question 38

It reflects Socrates' famous admission that true wisdom lies in recognizing the limits of one's knowledge

Answer 38

docta ignorantia

Question 39

 Socrates believed that acknowledging one’s ignorance is the first step toward gaining deeper understanding.

Answer 39

docta ignorantia

Question 40

looks at experiences in a straightforward, surface-level way, focusing on the facts.

Answer 40

primary reflection

Question 41

goes deeper, trying to understand the meaning behind experiences

Answer 41

secondary reflection

Question 42

 It is essential in philosophy to not just look at things as they appear but to understand the underlying essence.

Answer 42

Gabriel Marcel’s Primary and Secondary Reflection

Question 43

suggests that humans are both physical (body) and non-physical (spirit), and these two aspects are inseparable.

Answer 43

concept of the embodied spirit

Question 44

the tangible form through which our spirit expresses itself

Answer 44

body

Question 45

Philosophers like Socrates emphasized the importance of

Answer 45

self-examination

Question 46

, it’s not enough to live but to live wisely, understanding the reasons behind our actions and beliefs. Examining life allows for growth, wisdom, and a sense of purpose.

Answer 46

self-examination

Question 47

philosophical theories

Answer 47

Hegel’s Dialectic Method and Ayn Rand’s Epistemology

Question 48

proposes that truth emerges from a dialectical process

Answer 48

hegel's theory

Question 49

Hegel’s Dialectic Method involves

Answer 49

thesis, antithesis, and synthesis

Question 50

this method shapes ideas and knowledge through opposing viewpoints merging to form new understanding.

Answer 50

Hegel’s Dialectic Method

Question 51

focused on determining the correct method of acquiring and validating knowledge.

Answer 51

ayn rand (epistemology)

Question 52

emphasizes rationality and objective knowledge over emotional or subjective reasoning.

Answer 52

Ayn Rand’s Epistemology

Question 53

theories of truth

Answer 53

correspondence theory of truth and pragmatist theory of truth

Question 54

According to this theory, a statement is true if it corresponds to reality.

Answer 54

correspondence theory of truth

Question 55

To verify truth, one must observe whether the claim aligns with the facts of the world.

Answer 55

correspondence theory of truth

Question 56

a belief is considered true if it works effectively in practice and yields useful results.

Answer 56

pragmatist theory of truth

Question 57

This theory focuses on the practical consequences of ideas and their success in real-life applications.

Answer 57

pragmatist theory of truth

Question 58

Philosophical Views on the Environment

Answer 58

ecofeminism; environmental aesthetics; ecocentrism; anthropocentrism

Question 59

seeks to address and eradicate social injustices against women and the environment.

Answer 59

ecofeminism

Question 60

It views the exploitation of nature and the oppression of women as interconnected issues requiring holistic solutions.

Answer 60

ecofeminism

Question 61

This view emphasizes that maintaining environmental order not only brings out the natural beauty of surroundings but also contributes to the well-being of both humans and other living organisms.

Answer 61

environmental aesthetics

Question 62

places intrinsic value on the ecosystem and the biological community as a whole, rather than prioritizing human needs alone

Answer 62

ecocentrism

Question 63

This philosophical perspective promotes respect for all forms of life.

Answer 63

ecocentrism

Question 64

places humans at the center of environmental concern, focusing on human benefit.

Answer 64

anthropocentrism

Question 65

ochallenges this view, advocating that nature has its own worth independent of human use.

Answer 65

anthropocentrism

Question 66

Ecological Conscience and Responsibility involves

Answer 66

ecological conscience and sustainable practices

Question 67

begins with the awareness that human life co-exists with the entire ecosystem.

Answer 67

ecological conscience

Question 68

Understanding our interdependence with other life forms is crucial for developing

Answer 68

sustainable practices

Question 69

involves actions like simple living, practicing the 4Rs and being prudent about resource consumption.

Answer 69

ecological responsibility

Question 70

A comprehensive approach to sustainability integrates these practices into daily life.

Answer 70

sustainable practices

Question 71

what are the 4Rs

Answer 71

recycle, reuse, reduce, refuse