LESSON 1 Flashcards
(60 cards)
It is a branch of science that deals with living organisms and their vital processes.
Biology
_________ encompasses diverse fields, including botany, conservation, ecology, evolution, genetics, marine biology, medicine, microbiology, molecular biology, physiology, and zoology.
Biology
In its broadest sense, biology is the study of living things - _______________
The science of life
Living things come in an astounding variety of shapes and forms, and biologists study life in many different ways
Biology
5 History in Biology
Antiquity
Renaissance
Age of Enlightenment
19th Century
Modern days
Before Aristotle, many Greek philosophers had
speculated about the origins of the Earth and
of Life, but their theorizing was unsupported by
empirical investigation.
Antiquity
Middle ages brought a decline in the Roman
Empire and the disappearance of knowledge, but _______ expanded interest in both empirical natural history and physiology.
Renaissance
This covers 17th to 18th century. Systematizing,
naming and classifying dominated natural
history throughout much of the 17th and
18th centuries.
Age of Enlightenment
Biology advanced in many ways, including
the establishment of evolutionary theory,
cell theory, and the laws of heredity.
19th Century
In the 20th century, biology focused on molecular
biology, genetics, and the application of mathematics and information theory.
Modern Days
9 Notable Proponents
• Aristotle (384 - 322 BC)
• Cladius Galen (131 - 200 AD)
• Andreas Vesalius ( 1514 - 1564)
• William Harvey (1578 - 1657)
• Marcello Malpighi (1628 - 1694)
• Anton Van Leeuwenhoek (1632 - 1694)
• Carolus Linnaeus ( 1707 - 1778)
• Gregor Mendel (1822 - 1884)
• Charles Darwin (1809 - 1882)
What are the 8 Basic properties of life?
- Order
- Sensitivity / Response to stimuli
- Reproduction
- Adaptation
- Growth and Development
- Regulation and Homeostasis
- Energy Processing
- Evolution
Organisms are highly organized, coordinated structures that consist of one or more cells. Even
very simple, single-celled organisms are remarkably complex.
Order
Organisms respond to diverse stimuli. Movement toward a stimulus is considered a positive
response, while movement away from a stimulus is considered a negative response.
Sensitivity / Response to Stimuli
When __________ occurs, genes containing DNA are passed along to an organism’s offspring. These genes ensure that the offspring will belong to the same species and will have similar characteristics, such as size and shape.
Reproduction
All living organisms exhibit a “fit” to their environment. It is a consequence of evolution by
natural selection, which operates in every lineage of reproducing organisms.
Adaptation
Organisms ______ and ________ following specific instructions coded for by their genes. These
genes provide instructions that will direct cellular _____ and ________
Growth and Development
Even the smallest organisms are complex and require multiple regulatory mechanisms to
coordinate internal functions, maintain internal condition, respond to stimuli, and cope with
environmental stresses.
Regulation and Homeostasis
All organisms use a source of energy, whether capturing it from the sun or converting food to
energy, for their metabolic activities.
Energy Processing
The diversity of life on Earth is a result of mutation or random changes in hereditary material over time. These mutations allow
the possibility for organisms to adapt to a changing environment.
Evolution
It is the mathematical and experimental technique employed in the sciences. More specifically, it is the technique used in the construction and testing of a _______ hypothesis.
The Scientific Method
Steps of Scientific Method
• Make an Observation
• Ask a Question
• Form a Hypothesis
• Test the Hypothesis
• Anaylze your Data
• Share your Results
Scientific inquiry begins with ________.
Observation
Science inquiry involves ___________ and
processing information from a variety of reliable
sources.
Ask a Question
