Lesson 2 Flashcards
(46 cards)
_____ ______ are large organic cellular components abundantly obtained naturally andd are responsile for a variety of essential functions for the growth and survival of living organisms
Biological macromolecules
_____ compounds are substances that contain carbon (c), and carbon atoms provide the key structural framework that generates the vast diversity of organic compounds. all things on Earth that can be described as living have a crucial dependence on organic compound. Foodstuffs-namely, fats, proteins, and carbohydrates- are _____ compounds, as are such vital substance as hemoglobin, chlotophyll, enzymes, homones, and vitamins
Organic compound
Organic compounds are substances that contian _________, and carbon atoms provide the key structural framework that generates the vast diversity of organic compounds. all things on Earth that can be described as living have a crucial dependence on organic compound. Foodstuffs-namely, fats, proteins, and carbohydrates- are organic compounds, as are such vital substance as hemoglobin, chlotophyll, enzymes, homones, and vitamins
Carbon (c)
Organic compounds are substances that contain carbon (c), and carbon atoms provide the key structural framework that generates the vast _______ of organic compounds. all things on Earth that can be described as living have a crucial dependence on organic compound. Foodstuffs-namely, fats, proteins, and carbohydrates- are organic compounds, as are such vital substance as hemoglobin, chlotophyll, enzymes, homones, and vitamins
Diversity
Organic compounds are substances that contain carbon (c), and carbon atoms provide the key structural framework that generates the vast diversity of organic compounds. all things on Earth that can be described as living have a crucial dependence on organic compound. Foodstuffs-namely, _______, _______, and _______- are organic compounds, as are such vital substance as hemoglobin, chlotophyll, enzymes, homones, and vitamins
Fats, proteins, and carbohydrates
Organic compounds are substances that containn carbon (c), and carbon atoms provide the key structural framework that generates the vast diversity of organic compounds. all things on Earth that can be described as living have a crucial dependence on organic compound. Foodstuffs-namely, fats, proteins, and carbohydrates- are organic compounds, as are such vital substance as ______, ________, _______, _______, and ______
Hemoglobin, chlorophyll, enzymes, hormones, and vitamins
Macromolecules are
Polymers
_____ are large molecules made up of monomers. _______ are formed by bonding (chemically linking) a series of building blocks. The word ______ come from the Greek word for “many parts”. Each of those parts is what scientists call a monomer (whic in Greek means “one part”).
Polymers
4 types of Biomolecules
- carbohydrates
- proteins
- lipids
- nucleic acids
________, which include sugars annd starches, contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. With slights variations, the hydrogen and oxygen atoms appear in the same ratio as in water; that is, two hydrogen atoms to one oxygen atom
Carbohydrates
3 types of carbohydrates
- monosaccharides
- disaccharides
- polysaccharides
- simple sugars
- single-chain or single-ring structures, containing from three to seven carbon atoms.
- glucose, fructose, galactose, ribose, and deoxyribose
Monosaccharides
- double sugars
- when two simple sugars are joined
- sucrose (glucose - fructos)
- lactose (glucose - galactose)
- maltose (glucose - glucose)
Disaccharides
- long branching chains of linked simple sugars
- lacks sweetness due to its large size
- starch and glycogen; cellulose and chitin
polysaccharides
_______ are a large and diverse group of organic compounds. They enter the body in the form of fat-marbled meats, egg yolks, milk products, and oils. In ______, carbon and hydrogen atoms far outnumber oxygen atoms.
Lipids
3 types of lipids
- Triglycerides
- Phospholipids
- steroids
- neutral fats
- composed of fatty acids and glycerol, has more carbon and hydrogen than oxygen
- some examples are trans fats, omega-3, oils, butter margarine, etc.
Triglycerides
- similar with triglycerdes, but differ in phosphorus-containing group
- composed of fatty acids and glycerol, has polarity, and is considered water-and fat-soluble
- found in cell membranes
Phospholipids
- fat soluble
- flat molecules formed of four interlocking rings; thus, their structure diffrs quite a bit from that of fats
- cholesterol
Steroids
Account for over 50 percent of the organic matter in the body, and they have the most varied functions of the organic molecules. Has two types based on overall shape and structure, either fibrous or globular _____
Proteins
2 types of proteins
- fibrous proteins
- globular proteins
- also called structural proteins
- appear most often in body structures and are very importaant in binding structure and providing strength
- Keratin, Collagen
Fibrous Protein
Other term for Fibrous Protein
Structural Protein
what are the two examples of fibrous protein
- Keratin
- Collagen
