LESSON 5 Flashcards
(39 cards)
is a fundamental process that allows cells to coordinate their activities and respond to environmental changes.
Cell Communication
____ _______through signaling molecules, which trigger specific cellular responses. This communication is essential for processes such as growth, immune responses, and homeostasis.
Cell communication
Cells communicate through different types of
signaling mechanisms, depending on the
distance between the signaling cell and the
target cell.
Cell Signaling
What are the four primary types of signaling?
- Autocrine Signaling
- Paracrine Signaling
- Endocrine Signaling
- Juxtacrine Signaling
a cell produces signaling molecules that bind to receptors on its own surface or receptors within the same cell type.
Autocrine Signaling
This type of signaling is important for self-
regulation, development, and immune system
function.
Autocrine Signaling
It occurs between nearby cells, where signaling molecules diffuse through the extracellular space.
Paracrine Signaling
It plays a critical role in tissue development,
inflammation, and wound healing.
Paracrine Signaling
______ signaling involves the release of
hormones into the bloodstream, allowing them
to travel long distances to reach target cells.
Endocrine Signaling
This type of signaling is crucial for maintaining
homeostasis, metabolism, and growth.This type
of signaling is important for self-regulation,
development, and immune system function.
Endocrine Signaling
Cells must be in direct physical contact for communication to occur.
Juxtacrine Signaling
This type of signaling is mediated by
membrane-bound proteins, gap junctions, or
interactions between cell surface molecules.
Juxtacrine Signaling
is a process by which cells duplicate their
contents and then divide to yield multiple cells with similar, if not duplicate contents. This chapter introduces two types of cell divisions.
Cell Reproduction
First, it explains mitosis and then meiosis. This chapter also explains why cells divide and how the divisions are regulated.
Cell Reproduction
It is a fundamental process to create life, occurring in all forms of it, ensuring the perpetuity of their existence, as well as growth, tissue replacement, and reproduction in multicellular organisms.
Cell Reproduction
It is known as __ ______ or cell division, is the stage in the cell cycle where each cell divides to form two daughter cells. There are three biological
mechanisms of __ _______: binary fission, meiosis, and mitosis.
Cell Reproduction
Cell division is the process in which one cell, called the parent cell, divides to form two new
daughter cells.
How this happens depends on whether the cell is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. __ ______ In prokaryotic cells, it is very simple
Cell Reproduction
The ___ _____ can be thought of as the life cycle of a cell. In other words, it is the series of growth
and development steps a cell undergoes between its “birth” formation by the division of a mother cell—and reproduction— division to make two new daughter cells.
Cell Cycle
• To divide, a cell must complete
several important tasks: it must
grow, copy its genetic material
(DNA), and physically split into two
daughter cells. Cells perform these
tasks in an organized, predictable
series of steps that make up the
cell cycle.
• In eukaryotic cells, or cells with a
nucleus, the stages of the cell
cycle are divided into two major
phases: interphase and the mitotic
(M) phase.
Cell Reproduction
also called the FIRST GAP PHASE, the cell grows
physically larger, copies organelles, and makes
the molecular building blocks it will need in later
steps.
G1 Phase
Major activities: protein synthesis, organelle
production
Regulation points (___ Checkpoint)
G1 Phase
the CELL SYNTHESIZES a complete copy of
the DNA in its nucleus. It also duplicates a
microtubule-organizing structure called the
centrosome. The centrosomes help separate DNA
during M phase.
S Phase
Mechanisms to ensure fidelity in DNA replication
S Phase
During the second gap phase, __ _____, the cell grows more, makes proteins and organelles, and begins to reorganize its contents in preparation for mitosis. __ ____ ends when mitosis begins.
G2 Phase
