Lesson 1-3

Question 1

Rs of Immune Function

Answer 1

Recognize, Respond, Remember

Question 2

Antigen

Answer 2

foreign proteins that stimulate an immune response

Question 3

Antibody

Answer 3

immuno-reactive protein made in response to antigen

Question 4

Pathogen

Answer 4

disease causing microorganism

Question 5

B- Lymphocytes

Answer 5

plasma cells that make Ab specific to each Ag

Question 6

Cytotoxic Lymphocytes

Answer 6

attack infected/ mutant/ foreign cells

Tc/ CD-8

Question 7

T Helper Lyphocytes

Answer 7

regulate immune response

Th/ CD-4

Question 8

Macrophages

Answer 8

cell that ingests pathogens and cellular debris

presents Ag to Th cells

Question 9

Neutrophils

Answer 9

ingests pathogens and cellular debris

no Ag presentation

Question 10

Innate Immunity

Answer 10

non specific
non inducible
no memory
acts early in immune response

Question 11

Adaptive/ Acquired Immunity

Answer 11

responds slower but more efficiently
specific
inducible
memory
self- tolerance

Question 12

First Line

Answer 12

Skin- physical and chemical
Digestive- HCl
Respiratory- hair and mucus trap

Question 13

Tears

Answer 13

contain lysozyme

Question 14

Sweat

Answer 14

contain dermcidin

Question 15

Second Line

Answer 15

Cellular
Inflammation
Phagocytes
Complement Proteins

Question 16

Which defenses are both innate and adaptive?

Answer 16

phagocytes

complement proteins

Question 17

Steps of Inflammation

Answer 17

Initial phagocytosis
Capillaries dilate and become permeable
Foreign matter contained
Leukocytes migrate to area
Leukocytes clear infection

Question 18

Signs of Inflammation

Answer 18

Redness
Heat
Swelling
Pain

Question 19

Chemotaxis

Answer 19

Cytokines cause cells to move from blood to tissues

trail for phagocytosis

Question 20

Leukocytes Migration and Proliferation

Answer 20

Cytokines travel to bone marrow
Stimulate production of leukocytes
increase wbc #s by 4-5x

Question 21

Phagocytes secrete……..

Answer 21

Cytokines

Question 22

Actions of Interleukins and Tumor Necrosis Factor

Answer 22

Communication b/t wbc

Question 23

IL and TNF in Bone Marrow

Answer 23

make leukocytes

Question 24

IL and TNF in Hypothalamus

Answer 24

fever

mediated by prostaglandins

Question 25

IL and TNF in Liver

Answer 25

acute phase proteins

Question 26

IL-1

Answer 26

activates vascular endothelium and lymphocytes damages local tissue Fever and production of IL-6

Question 27

IL-8

Answer 27

Chemotactic factor for leukocytes | activates leukocyte binding protein

Question 28

TNF-a

Answer 28

Activates vascular endothelium increases vascular permeability- increase entry of IgG Fever; mobilization of metabolites of shock

Question 29

IL-6

Answer 29

Lymphocyte activation increase antibody production Fever, induces acute phase proteins from liver

Question 30

C- Reactive Protein | CRP

Answer 30

acute-phase protein | binds to bacterial surface, opsonizes bacteria, activates complement

Question 31

Mannan- binding lectin | MBL

Answer 31

acute phase protein binds to bacterial surface (mannose) opsonizes bacteria and activates complement

Question 32

Complement Proteins

Answer 32

``` group of ~30 proteins pokes holes in bacteria (MAC Attack) stim histamine release chemotaxis opsinization ```

Question 33

Opsinization

Answer 33

coat pathogen to enhance phagocytosis

Question 34

Third Line

Answer 34

``` Specific Inducible Memory Self-Tolerance Macrophages and lymphocytes ```

Question 35

Macrophages

Answer 35

phagocytes Ag presentation to T and B activated by Th and bacteria

Question 36

T-Cells

Answer 36

form in marrow, mature in thymus | regulate immune system; kill cancer and virus infected cells

Question 37

Th/ CD-4

Answer 37

activate B-cells, T-cells, macrophages

Question 38

Tc/ CD8

Answer 38

kill foreign and infected cells | tissue rejection

Question 39

B-Cells

Answer 39

antibody mediated response form and mature in bone marrow make Ab

Question 40

Functions of Antibodies

Answer 40

Neutralize Ag tag specific invaders for phagocytosis activate complement protein enhance NK activity

Question 41

IgG

Answer 41

secondary immune response crosses placenta activates complement

Question 42

IgD

Answer 42

antigen receptor on B-cells

Question 43

IgM

Answer 43

``` primary immune response activates complement cannot cross placenta enhances NK activity opsinizes antigens ```

Question 44

IgE

Answer 44

Antiparasitic allergic diseases activates mast cells

Question 45

IgA

Answer 45

crosses epithelial cells | found in secretions- important for newborns

Question 46

HIV

Answer 46

targets CD-4/ Th- takes out traffic cop

Question 47

Primary Immune Response

Answer 47

1st exposure requires days-weeks post first exposure Ab response short lived see symptoms of illness

Question 48

Secondary Immune Response

Answer 48

subsequent exposures hours-days greater response, more prolonged due to memory cells

Question 49

Antibodies of Primary Response

Answer 49

IgM

Question 50

Antibodies of Secondary Response

Answer 50

IgG

Question 51

Active Immunity

Answer 51

subject produces own antibodies | requires exposure to Ag

Question 52

Passive Immunity

Answer 52

Subject receives receives exogenous antibodies | does not confer long term immunity

Question 53

Natural Active Immunity

Answer 53

from natural infection

Question 54

Artificial Active Immunity

Answer 54

Immunization w/ altered agents or its antigens

Question 55

Natural Passive Immunity

Answer 55

Mother- child IgG- placenta IgA- milk

Question 56

Artificial Passive Immunity

Answer 56

Immunization w/ antibodies

Question 57

Hazards of Immunity

Answer 57

Inadvertent injury to host dvlp autoimmunity hypersensitivity reactions

Question 58

Hypersensitivity Reaction I | Allergy

Answer 58

seconds/ minutes | IgE

Question 59

Hypersensitivity Reaction II | Cell bound/ Cytotoxic

Answer 59

seconds/ minutes | IgG

Question 60

Hypersensitivity Reaction III | Immune Complex

Answer 60

2-8 hours | IgG

Question 61

Hypersensitivity Reaction IV | Delayed

Answer 61

24- 72 hrs | Th1