Tolerance and Autoimmunology Flashcards
(19 cards)
Tolerance
specific non-response triggered by previous exposure to specific antigen
recognized by lymphocytes
in B and T cells
Tolerogens
antigens that induce tolerance
Self Tolerance
tolerant of self antigens
Antigen Inductions
foreign Ag administered in ways that inhibit immune response by inducing tolerance in specific lymphocytes
Immunodeficiency
deficiency or inability to have humoral or cell mediated immune response
lacks specificity to antigen
Immunosuppression
suppression of immune responses to Ag due to physical or chemical change
lacks specificity to Ag
Antigen Factors
Antigen dose
physical form- monomer, aggregates
route of admission
Dose of Antigen
Favoring Immune Response vs Tolerance
Optimal Dose
Very large or very small dose
Physical Form of Ag
Favoring Immune Response vs Tolerance
large, aggregated, complex, processed molecules
soluble, aggregate free, simple, NOT processed mol
Administration Route
Favoring Immune Response vs Tolerance
Subcutaneous or intramuscular
Oral or intravenous
Age
Favoring Immune Response vs Tolerance
Adult- mature T and B cells
Newborn- immunologically immature
Central Tolerance
in central lymphoid organs as result of immature self reactive lymphocytes recognizing self Ag
Thymus and Bone Marrow
Peripheral Tolerance
in peripheral organs as a result of mature self reactive lymphocytes recognizing tissue specific self Ag
Clonal Deletion
deletion of T cells that have receptors specific for self Ag
by negative selection
results in self tolerance
Clonal Anergy
lack of co-stimulatory signals
action of regulatory lymphocytes via IL10
Autoimmunity
failure to control function of self reactive cells
cause autoimmune disease
Autoimmunity
pathology as a result of immune response to self
Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis
hypothyroidism
destroys cells
Graves Disease
hyperthyroidism
activates TSH receptor
