Lesson 1-4

Question 1

Described as any opening in the ground where magma or molten rock comes out

Answer 1

Volcano

Question 2

It has a sloping but low dome shape caused by lava flowing in all directions from one or more vents

Answer 2

Shield volcano

Question 3

Has steep sides tapering to a crater and a nearly symmetrical cone shape built from layers of lava and ash

Answer 3

Stratovolcano

Question 4

It is the location of the world’s most active volcanoes around the Pacific Ocean

Answer 4

Pacific Ring of Fire

Question 5

The chain of volcanoes at the seafloor

Answer 5

Oceanic ridges

Question 6

A break in the ground along which movement has taken place

Answer 6

Fault

Question 7

Like deep canals on the seafloor. They have a V-shaped cross section

Answer 7

Trenches

Question 8

The study of the flow of matter primarily in the liquid state under conditions at which they respond with plastic flow rather than deforming elastically in response to an applied force

Answer 8

Rheology

Question 9

The outer solid part of the planet including Earth’s crust as well as the underlying cool,dense,and rigid upper part of the upper mantle

Answer 9

Lithosphere

Question 10

The outer most layer of the Earth. It is the thinnest layer as it makes up only about 1% of Earth

Answer 10

Crust

Question 11

It was discovered by Andrija Mohorovicic in 1909. It separates the crust from the mantle

Answer 11

Mohorovicic Discontinuity (Moho)

Question 12

The largest layer of the Earth that is composed of iron, aluminum, calcium, magnesium, silicon, and oxygen

Answer 12

Mantle

Question 13

It is believed to be the one responsible for different rock behaviors within the mantle

Answer 13

Geothermal gradient

Question 14

A highly viscous layer which lies between the crust and the lower mantle

Answer 14

Upper mantle

Question 15

Solid part of the mantle

Answer 15

Lower mantle

Question 16

The last and the innermost layer which separated into the liquid outer core and the solid inner core

Answer 16

Core

Question 17

Protect us from the harmful rays emitted by the sun

Answer 17

Geomagnetic field

Question 18

A portion of the mantle that is “weak” and capable of flowing under certain conditions

Answer 18

Asthenosphere

Question 19

Smaller segments that are called when the lithosphere is broken up

Answer 19

Plates

Question 20

A place where two plates move away from each other

Answer 20

Divergent boundary

Question 21

A place where two plates move toward each other

Answer 21

Convergent boundary

Question 22

A plate that is carrying oceanic crust

Answer 22

Oceanic plate

Question 23

Carries continental crust

Answer 23

Continental plate

Question 24

The process as the plates collide, one plate sinks under the other

Answer 24

Subduction

Question 25

The plates are not moving away or moving toward each other. The plates are simply sliding past each other

Answer 25

Transform boundary

Question 26

A source of molten rock in the mantle

Answer 26

Hotspot

Question 27

The se are regions on the Earth’s crust that have very little tectonic activity. They are mostly flat lands because tectonic events like mountain formation and faulting rarely occur

Answer 27

Continental shields

Question 28

A scientific theory that describes how the lithosphere is divided into continuously moving plates

Answer 28

Plate tectonics

Question 29

Suggests that Earth has one large continental that eventually separated into parts that gradually drifted apart to form the present continents

Answer 29

Continental drifting

Question 30

A mechanism that the plates are driven into motion

Answer 30

Slab-pull