LESSON 1: CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

Question 1

aorta shunts remains open, shunting occurs from L to R.

Answer 1

Patent ductus arteriosus

Question 2

failure of ductus arteriousus to close by 3 weeks; normaly it forms what?

Answer 2

ligamentous arteriosum

Question 3

PDA or patent ductus a. is most common or inherited among what kind of breed?

Answer 3

Poodles, collies, pomeranians

Question 4

a distinctive lesion common affecting L. atrium associated with acute renal insufficiency in dogs

Answer 4

ulcerative endocarditis

Question 5

affects myocrardial cells associated with obesity& abundant epicardial fat deposits.

Answer 5

Fatty infiltration

Question 6

fatty change; accumulatiom of abundant lipid droplets in muscle sarcoplasm; lipofuscinosis w/ cachexia.

Answer 6

Fatty degeneration

Question 7

is the term for progressive weakening of cardiac muscle.

Answer 7

cardiomyopathy

Question 8

fatty degeneration is a hereditary lesions in what breeds of cattle?

Answer 8

ayreshire cattle

Question 9

accumulation of clear to light yellow, watery, serous fluid in the pericardial sac which become distended.

Answer 9

Hydropericardium

Question 10

accumulation of whole blood in the pericardial sac. Death suddenly follows - cardiac tamponade.

Answer 10

Hemopericardium

Question 11

the most common; often hematogenous; the bread & butter” heart. with fibrous adhesion

Answer 11

Fibrinous pericarditis

Question 12

common in cattle; due to traumatic reticuloperitonitis (hardware disease)

Answer 12

suppurative pericarditis

Question 13

extensive fibrous proliferation & formation of fibrous adhesions across the pericardial space.

Answer 13

constrictive pericarditis

Question 14

alocalized dilation or outpouching of a thinned & weakened portion of a blood vessel.

Answer 14

aneurysms

Question 15

list of some causes of aneurysm:

Answer 15

1. copper def.
2. Spirocerca lupi
3. some idiopathic origins

Question 16

this type of aneurysm is rare, and is seen in birds with & result from intimal disruption.

Answer 16

dissecting aneurysm

Question 17

this result from sustained increase in pressure or volume overload. It affects muscular arteries.

Answer 17

Arterial hypertrophy

Question 18

this define as hardening of the arteries; age related frequent animal species.

Answer 18

arteriosclerosis

Question 19

the accumulation of extensive deposits of lipid, fibrous tissue & calcium in vessel walls. It’s a vascular disease of great importance to humans. Observed in aged dogs w/ hyperthyroidism.

Answer 19

atherosclerosis

Question 20

atherosclerosis is a vascular disease of greatest importance in humans, it is also observed in age animals w/ hypothyroidism, what are these?

Answer 20

1. swine 2. birds 3. dogs

Question 21

clots & foreign bodies that lodge vessel walls cause significant lesions.

Answer 21

Thrombosis & embolism

Question 22

what is the term for the inflammation of veins?

Answer 22

phlebitis

Question 23

specifically refers to inflammation of the veins around the umbilicus (belly button)

Answer 23

Omphalophlebitis

Question 24

in this disorder affected animals have prominent subcutaneous edema, due to lymph drainage interference.

Answer 24

Hereditary lymphedema

Question 25

inflammation of lymph vessels; located on vessels of distal limbs

Answer 25

lymphangitis

Question 26

is a contagious disease of horses, it occurs in cutaneous form w/ the involvement of lymphatic vessels.

Answer 26

Glanders disease

Question 27

glanders disease is caused by what type of bacteria?

Answer 27

Burkholderia mallei

Question 28

what is the gross lesion of glanders disease?

Answer 28

multiple ulcerated nodules

Question 29

subvalvular lesions are often more common. Irregular band or ridges of fobrous tissue stretch across the subaortic endocardium. common in DOGS & SPANISH DOGS

Answer 29

Aortic & subaortic stenosis

Question 29

blood squirting produce valvular incompetence (jet lesion) & right atrial dilation.

Answer 29

Ventricular septal defect

Question 30

-this occur at valve site, with or without supra or subvalvular constrictions can lead to right ventricular hypertrophy.

Answer 30

pulmonic stenosis

Question 31

pulmonic stenosis is common in?

Answer 31

Bulldog, chihuahua, terrier types

Question 32

Mineralization will occur with?

Answer 32

Vit. d toxicosis

Question 33

Endocardial fibrosis with or without mineralization in heart chronically dilated with?

Answer 33

Johne's disease or jet lesions

Question 34

an important age-related cardiac disease of dogs, & most common cause of congestive heart failure in old dogs, & more frequent in mitral valve.

Answer 34

Valvular endocarditis

Question 35

what are the lesions of endocarditis?

Answer 35

1. Bacterial infection 2. large & present on valves 3.Adhering friable, yellow to gray masses "vegation" 4. if chronic: irregular nodular masses called "verrucae"

Question 36

parasite which cause endocarditis in horses?

Answer 36

Strongylus vulgaris

Question 37

give the 2 anatomic forms

Answer 37

1. eccenteric hypertrophy 2. concenteric hypertrophy

Question 38

Enlarged cardiac chambers w/ normal to dicreased wall thickness and produced by lesions with increased blood volume

Answer 38

Eccenteric hypertrophy

Question 39

Characterized by small cardiac chambers w/ thick walls. Result from lesions w/ increase pressure load.

Answer 39

Conceteric hypertrophy

Question 40

3 stages of myocardial hypertrophy

Answer 40

1. IInitiation 2. Stable hyperfunction 3. Detorioration of function w/ degeneration of hypertrophied muscle

Question 41

In concentric hypertrophy, the lesions results from increased pressure load. Give 3 examples

Answer 41

Valvular stenosis Systemic hypertension Pulmonary disease

Question 42

In dogs, congenital subaortic stenosis will result to?

Answer 42

Left ventricular hypertrophy

Question 43

Enumerate the four diseases resulting to right ventricular hypertrophy

Answer 43

1. Dirofilariasis 2. Congenital pulmonic is stenosis in dogs 3. Brisket disease (high altitude disease) in cattle 4. Heaves or chronic alveolar emphysema in horses

Question 44

Primary (idopathic cardiomyopathy)

Answer 44

1. hyperthropic 2. dilated 3. restrictive

Question 45

Secondary (specific cardiac muscle disease)

Answer 45

1. heritable 2. nutritional defeciencies 3. toxic 4. physical injuries 5. shock 6. endocrine disorder

Question 46

cardiomyopathy occurs in 2 forms:

Answer 46

1. idiopathic cardiomyopathy 2. specific cardiac muscle disease

Question 47

Myocardial infarction is a result of thrombosis or embolism of what artery

Answer 47

coronary artery

Question 48

fibrous pericarditis in cattle:

Answer 48

Pasteurellosis backleg coliform septicimia

Question 49

fibrinous pericarditis in pig

Answer 49

Glassers disease Streptococcal disease

Question 50

fibrinous pericarditris in birds

Answer 50

psittacosis

Question 51

what are the 4 Neoplastic disease?

Answer 51

1. Rhabdomyoma & rhabdomyosarcoma 2. Schawnnoma 3. Cardiac hemangisarcoma 4. Chemodectoma

Question 52

hydropericardium concurrently occuring with?

Answer 52

hydrothorax & ascites

Question 53

hydropericardium may occur with ______ & _____ in pigs.

Answer 53

Mulberry heart disease & septicemia

Question 54

hydropericardium may occur with ____ in small ruminants

Answer 54

heartwater (Cowdria ruminantium)

Question 55

term to use in inflammation of arteries/blood vessels

Answer 55

Arteritis or Vasculitis

Question 56

term for generalized venous dilation

Answer 56

Phlebectasia

Question 57

localized venous dilation of a weakend vascular walls

Answer 57

Varicosity

Question 58

a rare benign neoplasm of lymph channels

Answer 58

Lymphangioma

Question 59

_____will turn white intimal surface red

Answer 59

Imbition with hemoglobin

Question 60

______ found in vein & large elastic arteries

Answer 60

postmortem clots

Question 61

in postmortem clots, red clots is called?

Answer 61

currant jelly

Question 62

while in pale clots it's called ?

Answer 62

chicken fat