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SYSTEMIC PATHOLOGY > LESSON 3: PATHOLOGY OF HEMOPOIETIC SYSTEM > Flashcards

LESSON 3: PATHOLOGY OF HEMOPOIETIC SYSTEM Flashcards

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1
Q

indicated variable shaped rbc in circulation & reresent an admixture of abnormally shaped rbc

A

poikilocytosis

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2
Q

red cells w/ 3-12 spicules of uneven length & disorder in lipid metabolism

A

acanthocytes

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3
Q

occur in fibrotic states of the marrow, hemolytic anemia & result of certain drugs. Origin is in removing red cell inclusion

A

dacryocytes

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4
Q

developed from excess membrane or decrease in hemoglobin that result in in a relative membrane increase,

A

codocytes

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5
Q

codocytes is associated with?

A

hemoglobinopathies
iron deficiency anemia
obstructive liver disease
cirrhosis

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6
Q

seen in which membrane is increased following a decrease in hemoglobin

A

leptocyte & microcytes

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7
Q

results from premature released of red cells usually in period of erythropoietic stress like in hemolytic anemia & hyperthyroidism

A

macrocytes

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8
Q

results from membrane damage & usual mechanism involves trapping of red cells in the circulation by fibrin

A

schizocytes

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9
Q

schizocytes are common in

A

vascular disease
disseminated intravascular coagulation
thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

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10
Q

this indicates red cells w/ increased central thickness & is recognized in peripheral blood smears by high staining of centers of cell w/ pale staining periphery, nit truly spherical until prior to lysis

A

spheroccytosis

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11
Q

what are the major causes of spheroccytosis?

A
  1. membrane depletion
  2. accelerated red cell aging
  3. immunohemolytic anemia
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12
Q

this indicates red cells w/ variable form from spherical to almost red-like in circulation

A

elliptocytosis

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13
Q

disorder of red cell mass can be defined as?

A

hematologic alterations

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14
Q

polyctheimia indicates an increased in red cell mass & appropriately called

A

erythrocytosis

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15
Q

is defined as reduction below normal of the number of red cells or hemoglobin concentration / unit volume

A

anemia

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16
Q

what are the 3 general causes of anemia?

A
  1. blood loss
  2. rbc destruction or lysis
  3. decreased rbc production
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17
Q

indicates hemorrhage or hemolysis, the hallmark of this is reticulocytosis except in horses which is evident as olychroma on a routinely stained blood smear.

A

regenerative anemia

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18
Q

what is the major causes non-generative anemia?

A

hypoplasia & aplasia

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19
Q

where does rbc & leukocyte arise from?

A

pluripotential hematopoietic cells

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20
Q

this comprises the leukocytes carried in the circulation

A

circulating pool

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21
Q

comprises the leukocytes that are present at the periphery of blood vessels

A

marginal pool

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22
Q

leukocytes which are present at the bone marrow awaiting for differentiation & release, including lymhoid tissues such as lymph nodes & spleen

A

marrow pool

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23
Q

bone marrow produces:

A
  1. platelets
  2. erythrocytes
  3. granulocytes
  4. monocytes
  5. bursa equivalent of b. lymphocytes
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24
Q

increased production of various cell lines which occurs frequently in response to demands or changes the other parts of the body,

A

Hyperplasia

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25
refers to the general reduction in the amount of cells produced in the bone marrow that are in circulation. This response is generally that of marrow aplasia.
Pancytopenia
26
what are the viral disease that causes marrow depression?
1. parvovirus enteric infection (dogs & cat) 2. female leukemia virus infection 3. erhlichiosis
27
what are the drugs that causes marrow depression?
1. phenylbutazone 2. estrogenic drugs 3. phytotxicities
28
is the abnormal proliferation of fibroblast in the marrow cavity
myelofibrosis
29
is a term used of to describe the metastasis of neoplastic cells to the bone marrow.
myelopthisis
30
refers to a peripheral disorder associated w/ faulty maturation, development, & cell division involving one or all of the marrow cell line.
myelodyplasia & dysmyelopoieis
31
myelodyplasia & dysmyelopoieis is basically the presence of ?
abnormal stem cells in the marrow which may or not progress into neoplasia
32
what are the changes include in myelodyplasia & dysmyelopoieis?
1. abnormal morphology of marrow cells' 2. presence f last cells in circulation 3. infiltration of extramedullary tissues
33
refers to the abnormal proliferations of marrow cell lines & may include myelodysplasia & neoplasia
myeloproliferative disorder
34
this are usually characterized by the presence of leukemia
myeloproliferative neoplasm
35
infiltration of neoplastic cells into other tissue can occur w/ enlargement of the?
liver & spleen
36
inflammation of lymph nodes, this is common in most septicemic disease condition,
Lymphadenitis
37
the lesion that account for the swelling in lymhadenitis is a combination of?
serous exudate + proliferation of lymhoid + reticular tissue
38
if the agent involved in lymphadenitis is a pyogenic bacteria, the exudate will be?
purulent & sinuses will contain numerous neutrophils
39
in nodes draining areas of inflammation, this include follicular hyperplasia, paracortical & medullary cord are often packed w/ plasma cells
lymphoid hyperplasia
40
the most common being lymphosarcoma reduction in the size of lymph nodes
neoplasia
41
3 conditions that causes a reduction in the size of the lymph nodes
1. senile atrophy 2. immunodeficiency disease 3. lymphoid exhaustion
42
this is part of aging process
senile atrophy
43
common findings of this _____ includes lack of germinal centers & paracortical T-cells even absence of lymph nodes
immunodeficiency disease
44
this reduction in size of lymph nodes has following chronic infection w/ destruction of lymphoid tissue. It's characterized by hypocellularity of the cortex & medulla
lymphoid exhaustion
45
this constitutes the single largest component of the reticuloendothelial system
spleen
46
spleen performs numerous function including:
1. hematopoiesis 2. iron metabolism 3. infiltration 4. removal of intracytoplasmic inclusions 5. serves as very large reservoir of blood 6. carries various immunologic functions
47
both refer to a localized enlargement of the spleen
localized splenomegaly or splenic mass
48
splenic mass are either:
1. neoplastic 2. non-neoplastic
49
this is due to splenitis & enlargement is due to an increase in the number of lymphocytes, reticuloendothelial cells, neutrophillic granulocytes & erythrocytes
inflammatpry & infectious splenomegaly
50
what are the changes that accompany splenitis ?
1. lymphoretocular hyperplasia 2. hematogenous infiltration w/ inflammatory cells
51
this can be classified as _______ when the predominating cell type is the neutrophil
suppurative splenitis
52
what are the common causes of suppurative splentis :
1. septicemic infections w/ pyogenic bacteria 2. bacterial infection secondary to torsion 3. protozoal infection like (toxoplasmosis) 4. mycobacterial infection (tuberculosis
53
this can be classified as _____ when necrosis predominates; common cause are b gas forming anaerobes, salmonella & viral disease like canine hepatitis & splenic infarction
necrotizing splenitis
54
this can be classified as _______ when eosinophilic predominates; this can be observed in hypereosinphilic syndromes in dogs & cats
eosinophilic splenitis
55
this can be classified as _______ when lymphocytes & plasma cells predominates; occur in association w subacute & chronic disorders
lymphoplasmacytic splenitis
56
this can be classified as ________ when the predominant cell types are macrophages, epithelial cells, lymphocytes & giant cell
granulomatous splenitis
57
granulomatous splenitis occur in>
systemic mycosis & some bacterial infections
58
the enlargement is due to hyperlasia of the reticuloendothelial & lymphoid components; this condition is associated w/ hemolytic disorder including hemolytic anemia & drug induced hemolysis
hyperplastic splenomegaly
59
the spleen has great capacity to store blood between how many percent if the total blood volume?
10-20%
60
what are the conditions that cause splenomegaly?
1. Tranquilizers & anesthetics 2. portal hyertension
61
barbiturates & increase blood pooling by relaxing the smooth muscle of the splenic capsule resulting to the pooling of blood
tranquilizers & anesthetics
62
this is the result of right sided congestive heart failure, obstruction of caudal venacava by neoplasia or worms
portal heypertension
63
the enlargement is due to infiltration of the spleen w/ neoplastic cells, splenic extramedullary hematopoiesis & amyloid
infiltrative splenomegaly
64
spleen that is affected in __________ & in which the amyloid is deposited in the Malpighian corpuscles which appear in cross section as gray translucent bodies resembling grains of sago
amyloid degeneration
65
this is congenital & acquired defect of the diaphragm result to displacement of the spleen. However, no vascular engorgement occur that differentiate this condition to splenic torsion.
dystopia
66
these are nodules or masses of splenic tissue seeded in the omentumj which may be due to congenital defects or following trauma. It's an indicator of previous soft tissue injury
Accessory spleen
67
common in small animals & result from trauma, may result to death due to massive hemorrhage,
rupture of spleen
68
if the rupture of spleen may heals, extra-splenic tissue may be found scattered in the ?
mesenteries & omentum
69
is a part of senile change, may observe in animals which dies in hemorrhage.
atrophy
70
in atrophy what is the texture of spleen?
dry & may have fibrous texture
71
what are the 2 pigments that may accumulate as subscapular yellow pigmented calcareous bodies (plaques/Gamma-Gandy bodies) no pathologic significance except in an indication of previous hemorrhage
1. Hemosiderin 2. Calcium
72
is a lobular composite organ of epithelial & lymphoid tissues, it reaches maximum development depending on the species.
Thymus
73
on the epithelial cells of thymus it forms?
medullary cores
74
in thymus lymphocytes form?
cortices

SYSTEMIC PATHOLOGY (9 decks)

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