lesson: 2b The Nasal cavity, Guttural pouches, Larynx, Trachea & Bronchi

Question 1

A serous exidates with serous secretions by reactive sub mucosal glands, has what of implication?

Answer 1

Mild irritation

Question 2

this type of exudate is a mucus secretion due to goblet cell hyperplasia, an implications is chronic irritations, moderate injury.

Answer 2

Catarrhal exudate

Question 3

in fibrinous exudate, fibrinogen leakages is from nasal blood vessels. What is the implication here?m

Answer 3

Severe injury to mucosa

Question 4

In this type of exudates accumulation & exudation of neutrophils, has pyogenic organism implication.

Answer 4

Purulent exudates

Question 5

in this exudates accumulation of macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells & connective tissue are present, implication is chronic inflammation, pathogen resistant to phagocytosis.

Answer 5

Granulomatous

Question 6

What is an example of purulent rhinitis?

Answer 6

Strangles (streptococcus equi)

Question 7

in chronic-rhinitis-sinusitis there is severe ?

Answer 7

goblet cell hyperplasia & increased mucus production

Question 8

rhinitis & conjuctivitis are frequently seen in?

Answer 8

cat

Question 9

granulomatous rhinitis is typically associated to organisms that surviving phagocytosis such as _______ & fungal organism ______ & _______

Answer 9

Mycobacterium spp
Cryptococcus
Blastomyces

Question 10

in granulomatous rhinitis, this polypoid nodule, revealed a multilobulated granuloma containing round bodies w/ a thick capsule, this organism is identified as ______ a human & animal pathogen classified as a protist & not as a true fungus

Answer 10

Rhinosporidium seeberi

Question 11

nasal infection & rhinitis can spread to sinuses causing?

Answer 11

sinusitis

Question 12

nasal infection & rhinitis can spread to brain through lamina cribosa causing?

Answer 12

meningitis & encephalitis

Question 13

nasal infection & rhinitis can spread to middle ear throug eustachian tube causing ?

Answer 13

Otitis

Question 14

nasal infection & rhinitis can spread to guttural pouches through eustachian tube causing?

Answer 14

Guttural pouch empyema

Question 15

nasal infection & rhinitis can spread to retropharyngeal lymph nodes via lymphatic vessels causing?

Answer 15

Lymphadenitis

Question 16

accumulation of pus is referred to as ?

Answer 16

empyema

Question 17

while accumulation of mucus is known as ?

Answer 17

mucocele

Question 18

sinusitis in cattle can be caused by?

Answer 18

improper dehorning

Question 19

charcaterized by an abnormal accumulation of air

Answer 19

Tympany

Question 20

fungal infection in guttural pouches is also known as?

Answer 20

guttural pouches mycosis

Question 21

this fungal is present in guttural pouches mycosis?

Answer 21

Fungal hypae

Question 22

thrombosis of carotid artery in guttural pouches mycosis may lead to

Answer 22

thromboembolism w/ ataxia & blindness

Question 23

refers to the spread of cancer cells from the primary site of origin to other parts of the body, forming secondary tumors

Answer 23

metastasis

Question 24

this can be uni or bilateral, it’s often a sequel of upper respiratory infection w/ strangles or other pyogenic bacteria.

Answer 24

Guttural pouches empyema

Question 25

are immediately adjacent to the internal carotid artery & several cranial nerves.

Answer 25

Guttural pouches hemorrhage

Question 26

in G. P hemmorhage, this is an important sequel of guttural pouched mycosis & it causes epitaxis

Answer 26

Erosion of carotid artery

Question 27

In G.P hemorrhage thrombosis of carotid artery will lead to brain?

Answer 27

thromboembolism w/ ataxia & blindness

Question 28

is a retroviral-induced neoplasia of sheep, goats & cattle, clinical signs are hemorrhage & tumor often becomes infected causing mucopurulent nasal discharge.

Answer 28

Enzootic Nasal Carcinoma or Ethmoidal Tumor

Question 29

is a secondary infection caused by Fusobacterium necrophorum, pieces of exudate may be aspirated into the lung & can cause bronchopneumonia ,

Answer 29

Necrotic laryngitis

Question 30

in this inflammation you can see the presence of fibrinonecrotic exudate in the trachea

Answer 30

Viral + bacterial tracheitis

Question 31

Guttural pouch mycosis occurs primarily in stabled horses and is caused by?

Answer 31

Aspergillus fumigatus and other Aspergillus spp

Question 32

in chemical fibronecrotic tracheitis the ncerotic mucosa is detaching from the trachea, what could be the chemical can caused this?

Answer 32

Ammonium chloride

Question 33

clinical signs of parasitic tracheobronchitis

Answer 33

cough inspiratory whhezing exercise intolerance

Question 34

typically implies severe mucosal injuru w/ leakage of fibrinogen from blood vessels.

Answer 34

Fibrinous rhinitis

Question 35

what are the primary causes of rhinitis in cats ?

Answer 35

1. Chlamidophila spp. 2. Crytococcus neoformans

Question 36

what are the causes in secondary pathogens in feline rhinitis

Answer 36

1. streptococcus equi. (strangles) 2. Bordetella bronchiseptica 3. E. coli

Question 37

this viruses are also important pathogens of the nasal cavity?

Answer 37

1. IBR 2. EVR 3. PI-3 virus 4. Adenovirus 5. Canine Distemper 6. Canine Adenovirus 7. Canine PI-virus

Question 38

strangles (streptococcus equi) causes what disease?

Answer 38

1. Rhinitis 2. Lymphadenitis 3. guttural pouch empyema

Question 39

rhinitis cause nasty sequels such as:

Answer 39

1. sinusitis 2. meningitis 3. lymphadenitis & guttural pouches empyema in horses

Question 40

this infection typically induces cytomegaly & large intranuclear inclusions in nasal epithelium

Answer 40

Inclusion body rhinitis

Question 41

Nasal tumor are often produce?

Answer 41

1. nasal discharge mimicking rhinitis 2. may induce exophthalmia 3. craniofacial deformation

Question 42

nasal tumor are generally invasive & can metastasize ?

Answer 42

brain

Question 43

necrotic laryngitis is also known _______ caused by fusobacterium necrophorum ff. mucosal damage.

Answer 43

Calf Diphteria

Question 44

lesion are typically a fibrinonecrotic inflammation of the larynx that in some causes results in :

Answer 44

1. airway obstruction 2. aspiration of exudates 3. rarely in septicaemia

Question 45

is the inflammation of tracheal mucosa & can be caused by a virus, bacteria, fungus or even tracheal aspiration & irritant gases.

Answer 45

Tracheitis

Question 46

is a parasitic disease of dogs & other carnivores characterized by presence of large nodules in the trachebronchial bifurcation.

Answer 46

Oslerus osleri

Question 47

the best known lungworms are;

Answer 47

1. dictyocaulus viviparus (cattle) 2. Dictyocaulus filariae (sheep) 3. Metastrongylus apri (pigs) 4. Cronosoma vulpis (foxes, dogs, wild animals)