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SYSTEMIC PATHOLOGY > lesson: 2b The Nasal cavity, Guttural pouches, Larynx, Trachea & Bronchi > Flashcards

lesson: 2b The Nasal cavity, Guttural pouches, Larynx, Trachea & Bronchi Flashcards

1
Q

A serous exidates with serous secretions by reactive sub mucosal glands, has what of implication?

A

Mild irritation

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2
Q

this type of exudate is a mucus secretion due to goblet cell hyperplasia, an implications is chronic irritations, moderate injury.

A

Catarrhal exudate

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3
Q

in fibrinous exudate, fibrinogen leakages is from nasal blood vessels. What is the implication here?m

A

Severe injury to mucosa

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4
Q

In this type of exudates accumulation & exudation of neutrophils, has pyogenic organism implication.

A

Purulent exudates

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5
Q

in this exudates accumulation of macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells & connective tissue are present, implication is chronic inflammation, pathogen resistant to phagocytosis.

A

Granulomatous

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6
Q

What is an example of purulent rhinitis?

A

Strangles (streptococcus equi)

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7
Q

in chronic-rhinitis-sinusitis there is severe ?

A

goblet cell hyperplasia & increased mucus production

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8
Q

rhinitis & conjuctivitis are frequently seen in?

A

cat

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9
Q

granulomatous rhinitis is typically associated to organisms that surviving phagocytosis such as _______ & fungal organism ______ & _______

A

Mycobacterium spp
Cryptococcus
Blastomyces

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10
Q

in granulomatous rhinitis, this polypoid nodule, revealed a multilobulated granuloma containing round bodies w/ a thick capsule, this organism is identified as ______ a human & animal pathogen classified as a protist & not as a true fungus

A

Rhinosporidium seeberi

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11
Q

nasal infection & rhinitis can spread to sinuses causing?

A

sinusitis

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12
Q

nasal infection & rhinitis can spread to brain through lamina cribosa causing?

A

meningitis & encephalitis

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13
Q

nasal infection & rhinitis can spread to middle ear throug eustachian tube causing ?

A

Otitis

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14
Q

nasal infection & rhinitis can spread to guttural pouches through eustachian tube causing?

A

Guttural pouch empyema

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15
Q

nasal infection & rhinitis can spread to retropharyngeal lymph nodes via lymphatic vessels causing?

A

Lymphadenitis

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16
Q

accumulation of pus is referred to as ?

A

empyema

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17
Q

while accumulation of mucus is known as ?

A

mucocele

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18
Q

sinusitis in cattle can be caused by?

A

improper dehorning

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19
Q

charcaterized by an abnormal accumulation of air

A

Tympany

20
Q

fungal infection in guttural pouches is also known as?

A

guttural pouches mycosis

21
Q

this fungal is present in guttural pouches mycosis?

A

Fungal hypae

22
Q

thrombosis of carotid artery in guttural pouches mycosis may lead to

A

thromboembolism w/ ataxia & blindness

23
Q

refers to the spread of cancer cells from the primary site of origin to other parts of the body, forming secondary tumors

A

metastasis

24
Q

this can be uni or bilateral, it’s often a sequel of upper respiratory infection w/ strangles or other pyogenic bacteria.

A

Guttural pouches empyema

25
Q

are immediately adjacent to the internal carotid artery & several cranial nerves.

A

Guttural pouches hemorrhage

26
Q

in G. P hemmorhage, this is an important sequel of guttural pouched mycosis & it causes epitaxis

A

Erosion of carotid artery

27
Q

In G.P hemorrhage thrombosis of carotid artery will lead to brain?

A

thromboembolism w/ ataxia & blindness

28
Q

is a retroviral-induced neoplasia of sheep, goats & cattle, clinical signs are hemorrhage & tumor often becomes infected causing mucopurulent nasal discharge.

A

Enzootic Nasal Carcinoma or Ethmoidal Tumor

29
Q

is a secondary infection caused by Fusobacterium necrophorum, pieces of exudate may be aspirated into the lung & can cause bronchopneumonia ,

A

Necrotic laryngitis

30
Q

in this inflammation you can see the presence of fibrinonecrotic exudate in the trachea

A

Viral + bacterial tracheitis

31
Q

Guttural pouch mycosis occurs primarily in stabled horses and is caused by?

A

Aspergillus fumigatus and other Aspergillus spp

32
Q

in chemical fibronecrotic tracheitis the ncerotic mucosa is detaching from the trachea, what could be the chemical can caused this?

A

Ammonium chloride

33
Q

clinical signs of parasitic tracheobronchitis

A

cough
inspiratory whhezing
exercise intolerance

34
Q

typically implies severe mucosal injuru w/ leakage of fibrinogen from blood vessels.

A

Fibrinous rhinitis

35
Q

what are the primary causes of rhinitis in cats ?

A
  1. Chlamidophila spp.
  2. Crytococcus neoformans
36
Q

what are the causes in secondary pathogens in feline rhinitis

A
  1. streptococcus equi. (strangles)
  2. Bordetella bronchiseptica
  3. E. coli
37
Q

this viruses are also important pathogens of the nasal cavity?

A
  1. IBR
  2. EVR
  3. PI-3 virus
  4. Adenovirus
  5. Canine Distemper
  6. Canine Adenovirus
  7. Canine PI-virus
38
Q

strangles (streptococcus equi) causes what disease?

A
  1. Rhinitis
  2. Lymphadenitis
  3. guttural pouch empyema
39
Q

rhinitis cause nasty sequels such as:

A
  1. sinusitis
  2. meningitis
  3. lymphadenitis
    & guttural pouches empyema in horses
40
Q

this infection typically induces cytomegaly & large intranuclear inclusions in nasal epithelium

A

Inclusion body rhinitis

41
Q

Nasal tumor are often produce?

A
  1. nasal discharge mimicking rhinitis
  2. may induce exophthalmia
  3. craniofacial deformation
42
Q

nasal tumor are generally invasive & can metastasize ?

A

brain

43
Q

necrotic laryngitis is also known _______ caused by fusobacterium necrophorum ff. mucosal damage.

A

Calf Diphteria

44
Q

lesion are typically a fibrinonecrotic inflammation of the larynx that in some causes results in :

A
  1. airway obstruction
  2. aspiration of exudates
  3. rarely in septicaemia
45
Q

is the inflammation of tracheal mucosa & can be caused by a virus, bacteria, fungus or even tracheal aspiration & irritant gases.

A

Tracheitis

46
Q

is a parasitic disease of dogs & other carnivores characterized by presence of large nodules in the trachebronchial bifurcation.

A

Oslerus osleri

47
Q

the best known lungworms are;

A
  1. dictyocaulus viviparus (cattle)
  2. Dictyocaulus filariae (sheep)
  3. Metastrongylus apri (pigs)
  4. Cronosoma vulpis (foxes, dogs, wild animals)

SYSTEMIC PATHOLOGY (9 decks)

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