Lesson 1 (Q2)

Question 1

The origin and development of modern humans can be explained through study of

Answer 1

biological and cultural evolution

Question 2

are key concepts in the study of the origins of modern humans.

Answer 2

Biological and cultural Evolution

Question 3

refers to the charges, modifications, & variations in the genetics and inherited traits of biological populations.

Answer 3

Biological Evolution

Question 4

Refers to the changes or development in cultures from a simple form to a more complex form of human culture.

Answer 4

cultural/sociocultural Evolution

Question 5

A result of human adaptation to different factors like climatic changes and population increase

Answer 5

cultural/sociocultural Evolution

Question 6

Biological evolution is based on the theory that was introduced by the famous English naturalist and geologist.

Answer 6

charles darwin

Question 7

Because of the result of Charles Darwin’s studies, he introduced the concept of evolution to explain the origins of modern humans in his published work entitled

Answer 7

On The Origins of species by Means of natural selection (1859)

Question 8

Natural selection has 3 important principles

Answer 8

1 Variation
2 Heritability
3. Differential reproductive success

Question 9

-organisms exhibit individual variation in appearance and behavior

Answer 9

Variation

Question 10

• traits are consistently passed from parents to offspring.

Answer 10

Heritability

Question 11

• leave mort offspring in the next generation

Answer 11

Differential reproductive success

Question 12

The transformation from apelike ancestors to modern humans occured after million yrs of

Answer 12

biological & cultural evolution

Question 13

In this process of evolution, our apelike ancestors developed and eventually became modern humans

Answer 13

biological & cultural evolution

Question 14

For archeologist, these are important sources of information in the recontruction of human evolution.

Answer 14

artifacts and fossils

Question 15

refer to human, plant, and animals remains to have preserved through time

Answer 15

Fossils

Question 16

refers to the objects that were made and used by humans.

Answer 16

Artifacts

Question 17

General term used by the scientist to categorize the group of early humans and other human- like creatures that can walk erect during the prehistoric times.

Answer 17

Hominid

Question 18

4 categories of hominid based on the age of artifacts and fossils that were found.

Answer 18

Sahelanthropus, Ardipethecus, Australopithecus, and Homo

Question 19

-they are considered as the prehuman stage of evolution.

Answer 19

The Australopithecus, Sahelanthropus and Ardipethecus

Question 20

is part of the human stage of evolution

Answer 20

Homo

Question 21

Their Fossils were all excavated in the African continent

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Australopithecus, Sahelanthropus and Ardipethecus

Question 22

The first hominid came from the lineage of

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Sahelanthropus tchadensis species (6-7 million ago yrs

Question 23

-It had both apelike and humanlike characteristics

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Sahelanthropus tchadensis species

Question 24

Characteristics of Sahelanthropus tchadensis species

Answer 24

Skull: similar to Autralopithecus & modern human Height: Almost similar to chimpanzee.
Brain Size: 320-380 cc had the ability to walk. upright

Question 25

Orrorin tugenensis (5.7 million yrs ago) and the Ardipethecus family had 2 species

Answer 25

Ardipethecus kadabba (5.6 million yrs.) Ardipethecus Ramidus (4.4 million yrs.)

Question 26

Characteristics of ardipethecus ramidus

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•6 Height of about 4 feet. •Weight about 120 pounds. • Skull size similar to an ape • Small brain •Biped •Lived in the forest

Question 27

Tool users only and not tool makers

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Australopithecus or southern ape

Question 28

They are food scavengers

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Australopithecus

Question 29

there are a species of Australopithecus and they are divided into 2 major categories:

Answer 29

The gracile and the robust

Question 30

Had small teeth and jaw.

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Gracile Australopithecus

Question 31

Included in this Gracile Australopithecus are the

Answer 31

Australopithecus anamensis Australopithecus afarensis Australopithecus Africanus

Question 32

Included in Robust Australopithecus

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- Australopithecus aethiopics -Australopithecus robustus -Australopithecus Boisei

Question 33

They had large teeth, jaws, and muscular built

Answer 33

Australopithecus Boisei

Question 34

considered as the common ancestor of the Australopithecus species

Answer 34

Autralopithecus Afarensis

Question 35

Lucy was discovered ________ in November by paleoanthropologist led by Dr. Donald Johanson

Answer 35

Hadar, Ethiopia

Question 36

was considered as one of the modern human's earliest ancestor and remains as the famous hominid fossil discovered

Answer 36

Australopithecus afarensis

Question 37

The Australopithecus is replaced by a more intelligent group of hominids that belongs to a new genus.

Answer 37

The Homo

Question 38

were classified as humans and not humanlike creatures because they had bigger brains and were bipedal

Answer 38

The Homo

Question 39

According to fossil evidences, they are first lived in Africa

Answer 39

Homo

Question 40

The homo species included the

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Homo habilis Homo erectus Homo sapiens

Question 41

Homo habilis made tools called

Answer 41

oldowan

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Handy man

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Homo habilis

Question 43

was the next species to fluorish, and this species came from Homo erectus.

Answer 43

Homo ergaster (18 million yrs ago)

Question 44

are known for making complex tools for digging, cutting, and scraping. Making and using hand axe tools for slicing, chopping and digging and considered as skillful hunters

Answer 44

Homo erectus

Question 45

Based on artifacts Excavated, they are the first Homo species to use fire and live in caves and small houses made of tree branches

Answer 45

Homo erectus

Question 46

Through use of fire, they were able to live in cold and dark places like caves. It allows them to cook food and meat, to protect them from attacking wild animals.

Answer 46

Homo erectus

Question 47

It was also believed that they was the first Homo to use spoken language.

Answer 47

Homo erectus

Question 48

was first discovered in Africa. Later, they started to travel outside of the African Continent. They reached as far as Asia and Southern Europe

Answer 48

The Homo erectus fossil

Question 49

The first fossil of the Homo Erectus in Asia was found in the .

Answer 49

Longgupo Cave in China

Question 50

Became known as the Java Man

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Trinil, Java, Indonesia

Question 51

Homo erectus skill excavated in Zhoukoudian, China and became known as the

Answer 51

Peking Man

Question 52

The last genus in the evolution Ladder of the Homo family and considered as modern humans

Answer 52

Homo Sapiens

Question 53

The wise man

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Homo sapiens

Question 54

The upright man

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Homo erectus

Question 55

Included in the species are the archaic

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-Homo Sapiens of Africa -Homo heidelbergensis - Homo neanderthalensis -Homo Sapiens Sapiens

Question 56

is now the first fossil skeleton to be considered as a species of the Homo sapiens

Answer 56

Cro-Magnon