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PMLS 2 LAB > Lesson 1A > Flashcards

Lesson 1A Flashcards

1
Q

Phlebotomy became widely accepted during the time of _________
(460 - 377 BC) when health was believed to be dependent on the balance of the humors

A

Hippocrates

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2
Q

Earth

A

Blood and Brain

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3
Q

Air

A

Phlegm and Lungs

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4
Q

Fire

A

Black Bile and Spleen

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5
Q

Water

A

Yellow Bile and Gallbladder

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6
Q

To keep the balance, excess humor is removed by __________.

A

bloodletting

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7
Q

Laboratory testing of _____ specimens is vital to the correct diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of a patient’s condition.

A

blood

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8
Q

Laboratory results constitute __% of the objective information used by health-care providers to manage patient care and resolve patient health problems.

A

70

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9
Q

reports from a ___________ specimen can result in treatment that can be potentially harmful to the patient by overmedicating or under-medicating the patient with death being the worse patient outcome.

A

suboptimal

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10
Q

failure to adhere to the ___________________________can compromise the integrity of a successfully collected specimen.

A

collection procedure

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11
Q

Approximately ___% of laboratory error occurs during the preanalytical phase (process that occurs before testing of the sample) of laboratory testing.

A

56

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12
Q

Influencing factors are the responsibilities of the blood collector and include:

A

• Monitoring of specimen ordering
• Correct patient identification
• Patient communication and safety
• Patient preparation
• Timing of collections
• Phlebotomy equipment
• Collection techniques
• Specimen labeling
• Specimen transportation to the laboratory
• Specimen processing

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13
Q

____________ are the forms on which test orders are entered and sent to the lab.

A

Requisitions

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14
Q

Types of Requisitions

A

i. Hand-written requisitions
ii. Computer-printed requisitions
iii. Barcode labels

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15
Q

The most important step in specimen collection.

A

Identify the patient.

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16
Q

In identifying the patient, ask the patient to state their

A

name and date of birth.

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17
Q

In identifying the patient, if admitted you must check their

A

Check the patient’s identification bracelet

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18
Q

Identification number

A

a. Medical record number
b. Visit number

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19
Q

Verify diet restrictions

A

Fasting

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20
Q

Prepare the patient for testing

A

a. Bedside manner
b. Explain the procedure
c. Obtain consent

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21
Q

Position patient

A

a. Seated patient
b. Supine patient

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22
Q

Seated patients

A

i. Patients arm should be supported firmly
ii. Arm should not be bent at the elbow

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23
Q

Supine patients

A

i. Arm extended
ii. Not bent at elbow

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24
Q

Veins become more prominent

A

Ask the patient to make a fist

25
Q

Do not allow patient to ________ as this causes hemoconcentration and leads to erroneous results

A

pump fist

26
Q

will generally have the most prominent veins

A

Dominant arm

27
Q

Veins have a ______or ______

A

bounce/ resilience

28
Q

are hard and lack resilience

A

Tendons

29
Q

T or F | select vein that feels hard and cord-like or lacks resilience

A

False

30
Q

T or F | Do not draw from above an IV

A

True

31
Q

If collecting blood above an IV, have IV turned off for a minimum of __ minutes prior to collecting

A

2

32
Q

What areas must be avoided when collecting blood

A

burn
scars
tattoos
Edema
Hematoma

33
Q

If there is hematoma

A

Draw from below site if no alternative

34
Q

Draw from the side _____ of mastectomy whenever possible

A

opposite

35
Q

Why must mastectomy side be avoided?

A

Application of tourniquet may cause injury on mastectomy side

36
Q

If patient has double mastectomy, what should be done?

A

physician should be consulted -
usually avoid the side of the most recent mastectomy

37
Q

Check _______________ on both arms to find a suitable vein

A

antecubital region

38
Q

Use _____________________ except as a last resort and after obtaining permission from patient’s physician

A

leg, ankle, or foot veins

39
Q

Order of finding veins

A

Antecubital region
Hands/ wrist
Leg, foot, or ankle

40
Q

Blood flow to the _______ may not be representative of general circulation producing erroneous results

A

extremities

41
Q

Lower extremity venipuncture may cause

A

blood clot formation

42
Q

How to clean the site

A

a. Clean with antiseptic - 70% isopropyl alcohol
b. Clean using circular, outward motion
c. Do not contaminate the site by drying the alcohol with unsterile gauze
d. Do not introduce airborne contaminants by fanning or blowing on it
e. Do not touch the site after cleaning

43
Q

Verify equipment and tube selection

A

a. Remove syringe from package
b. Advance the plunger to the end of the syringe
c. Securely attach the needle to the system

44
Q

How to inspect the needle?

A

Visually inspect the needle tip for obstructions, imperfections, or barbs

45
Q

How to anchor the vein

A

a. Place your thumb 1-2 inches below the intended venipuncture site
b. Pull the skin toward the wrist
c. Use the fingers of your anchoring hand to support the back of the arm

46
Q

Line up the needle in the direction of the vein - bevel ____

A

up

47
Q

Insert the needle into the skin at ______ angle

A

15-30°

48
Q

A “_____” or small amount of blood will appear in the hub of the needle when the needle is in the vein

A

flash

49
Q

Hold the syringe ______, with the tip down and transfer device
at the bottom

A

vertically

50
Q

Dispose of the transfer device into a______ container

A

sharps

51
Q

Slant the needle to the side of the tube so the blood runs down
the side of the tube to prevent

A

hemolysis

52
Q

Label the tubes

A

a. Name of Patient
b. Age and Gender of Patient
c. Date of collection
d. Time of collection
e. Phlebotomist’s initials

53
Q

Putting on crushed ice

A

(i.e.: ammonia, BNP, lactic acid, blood gasses)

54
Q

(i.e.: ammonia, BNP, lactic acid, blood gasses)

A

Put crushed ice

55
Q

Keeping it warm

A

(i.e. cold agglutinin, cryoglobulin)

56
Q

(i.e. cold agglutinin, cryoglobulin)

A

Keep it warm

57
Q

Protecting from light

A

(i.e. bilirubin)

58
Q

(i.e. bilirubin)

A

Protect from light

59
Q

If you are unable to obtain a specimen:

A
  1. Evaluate the problem
  2. Try again below the first site, on the opposite arm, or hand or write vein
  3. Do not try on the 3rd time

PMLS 2 LAB (16 decks)

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