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PMLS 2 LAB > ROUTINE CAPILLARY PUNCTURE > Flashcards

ROUTINE CAPILLARY PUNCTURE Flashcards

1
Q

When should capillary puncture be used?

A

Ideal for small children when only a small volume of blood is needed.

Advantageous in certain adult populations whose veins are inaccessible:
Severely burned.
Cancer patients
Obese
Geriatric patients
Point of care testing (POCT)
Patients performing tests on themselves.
Special procedures that require capillary blood

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2
Q

The capillary puncture should not be used on patients who ____

A

Should NOT be used on patients who are extremely dehydrated or cold

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3
Q

INDICATIONS FOR PERFORMING CAPILLARY PUNCTURE: Adults

A

No accessible veins
To save veins for chemotherapy
Clotting tendencies
POCT procedures such as glucose monitoring

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4
Q

INDICATIONS FOR PERFORMING CAPILLARY PUNCTURE: Children and Infant

A

To prevent anemia
To prevent cardiac arrest from removal of large quantities of blood
Venipuncture too difficult
To prevent injury

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5
Q

CAPILLARY EQUIPMENT

A

Lancet
Micro-Collection Containers
Hematocrit Tubes
Plastic/ Clay Sealant
Microscope Slides
Warming Devices

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6
Q

Lancets should be

A

Sterile and disposable
Retractable blade
Either finger or heel

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7
Q

Collects tiny amounts of blood.

A

MICRO-COLLECTION CONTAINERS

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8
Q

Manual Hct

A

HEMATOCRIT TUBES

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9
Q

Used to seal the tip of capillary tubes

A

PLASTIC/CLAY SEALANT

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10
Q

Smearing

A

MICROSCOPE SLIDES

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11
Q

SITE SELECTION

A

Ring or great finger
Infant’s heel
Earlobe

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12
Q

Why should the non-dominant hand be used when performing capillary puncture?

A

less calloused

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13
Q

What should be the direction of the puncture?

A

opposite direction of the fingerprint

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14
Q

Capillary SPecimen is a mixture of

A

arterial, venous and capillary
blood

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15
Q
  • fluid outside of the body’s cells (extracellular)
A

Interstitial fluid

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16
Q

fluid in the tissue spaces between cells

A

Interstitial fluid

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17
Q

fluid within cells from surrounded tissues

A

Intracellular fluid

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18
Q

contains water and dissolved solutes (electrolytes) and proteins

A

Intracellular fluid

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19
Q

Puncture blood
Higher result in

A

Glucose

20
Q

Puncture blood:
Lower result in

A

Total Protein, Calcium and Potassium

21
Q

Choose a finger that is not ___ or __________ for the puncture site

A

cold or edematous

22
Q

Clean the puncture site with ______________________ and let it dry.

A

70% Isopropyl alcohol

23
Q

Massage the _________ of the finger to stimulate blood flow.

A

lower portion

24
Q

Puncture the skin while pressing the area ______ the puncture site. Dispose puncture device.

A

below

25
Q

Wipe away the first drop of blood with a___________.

A

sterile dry gauze

26
Q

Collect the sample in the chosen container in a ______________ and a gentle pressure is applied to the finger

A

downward angle

27
Q

In cleaning the site, do not use

A

Povidone-lodine (Betadine)

28
Q

What would happen if betadine is used to clean the site?

A

this will result to an increase in
Potassium

29
Q

As you hold the patient’s hand, position the hand so that the puncture site permits the _________________ of blood.

A

downward flow

30
Q

T or F | Do not scrape the blood from the surface of the skin.

A

T

31
Q

If blood lodges in the tip of the device, a ____ on the hard surface should facilitate blood flow.

A

tap

32
Q

T or F | Rotate the tube after every drop

A

T

33
Q

OBTAINING BLOOD SAMPLES FROM BABIES: SITES TO AVOID

A

Medial or big toe side.
Lateral or little toe side.
Central arch area of the foot.

34
Q

DEPTH OF PUNCTURE: Premature

A

0.85mm

35
Q

DEPTH OF PUNCTURE: Full-Term

A

2mm

36
Q

Puncture of the fingers of infants __________________ should be done only after other options are considered.

A

<1 year old

37
Q

Distant to the _________________________ of the infant’s fingers is 1.2-2.2mm.

A

bones and main nerves

38
Q

Distant to the bones and main nerves of 6 months- 8y/o

A

1.5mm

39
Q

Distant to the bones and main nerves of Child over 8 y/o

A

2.4mm

40
Q

Distant to the bones and main nerves of Adult

A

2.4mm

41
Q

PRECAUTIONS: When collecting blood from babies

A

Excessive crying
Hemolysis
Newborn with elevated bilirubin
Concentration of chemical constituents in capillary blood.
Collecting sequential sample

42
Q

CAUSES OF HEMOLYSIS

A

Alcohol used to clean the skin was not allowed to dry.
Finger or heel was squeezed too vigorously in an attempt to produce greater blood flow.
Newborn infants have increased red cell fragility and high RBC volume.
Blood was scraped off, instead of allowing it to flow into the micro-collection container.

43
Q

DIFFERENCES IN LABORATORY VALUES IN CAPILLARY BLOOD IN RELATION TO VENOUS BLOOD: Glucose

A

Higher in capillary blood

44
Q

DIFFERENCES IN LABORATORY VALUES IN CAPILLARY BLOOD IN RELATION TO VENOUS BLOOD: Total Protein

A

Lower in capillary blood

45
Q

DIFFERENCES IN LABORATORY VALUES IN CAPILLARY BLOOD IN RELATION TO VENOUS BLOOD: Calcium

A

Lower in capillary blood

46
Q

DIFFERENCES IN LABORATORY VALUES IN CAPILLARY BLOOD IN RELATION TO VENOUS BLOOD: Potassium

A

Lower in capillary blood

47
Q

ORDER OF DRAW FOR A CAPILLARY PUNCTURE

A
  1. Gas tubes
  2. Slides
  3. EDTA (purple top tube)
  4. Heparin- light or dark green top tube
  5. Other additive micro-collection cont.
  6. Serum - red top or amber tube with red top.

PMLS 2 LAB (16 decks)

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