Lesson 2: Chain Of Infection

Question 1

Its signs and symptoms develop 48 hours or more after admission, hospital visit, or within 30 days after discharge from a hospital or healthcare facility.

Answer 1

Nosocomial Infection

Question 2

hospital-acquired infection

Answer 2

Nosocomial Infection

Question 3

Infection is obtained prior to admission.

Answer 3

community-acquired infection

Question 4

Infection is restricted to one area of the body

Answer 4

local infection

Question 5

Infection involves the entire body.

Answer 5

systemic infection

Question 6

The _______________ is how microorganisms are transmitted.

Answer 6

chain of infection

Question 7

It is a continuous link between a source, a mode of transmission, and a susceptible

Answer 7

Chain of Infection

Question 8

These three factors ( source, susceptible host, mode of transmission) are connected by two different portals:

Answer 8

a portal of exit from the source and a portal of entry into the host.

Question 9

includes infected people, specimen, and other contaminated materials.

Answer 9

source of an infection

Question 10

Microorganisms from the source are transmitted to the…

Answer 10

host

Question 11

can be direct or indirect.

Answer 11

mode of transmission

Question 12

includes horizontal transmission such as hand-to-hand contact, animal contact, and sexual intercourse

Answer 12

Direct transmission

Question 13

such as mother to fetus or newborn.

Answer 13

vertical transmission

Question 14

includes transfer of microorganisms through fomites, food, water, aerosols, and vectors.

Answer 14

Indirect transmission

Question 15

Physical transfer of infectious microorganisms from the source to susceptible host

Answer 15

DIRECT CONTACT

Question 16

Hand-to-hand transmission
Sexual contact
Respiratory droplet transmission (droplets that travel 1 meter or less from infected individual;
coughing, sneezing, talking)

Answer 16

Horizontal transmission

Question 17

Horizontal transmission

Answer 17

Hand-to-hand transmission
Sexual contact
Respiratory droplet transmission (droplets that travel 1 meter or less from infected individual;
coughing, sneezing, talking)

Question 18

Congenital transmission (occurs across the placenta or as the baby passes through vaginal canal during delivery)

Answer 18

[Vertical transmission

Question 19

Transfer of infective material via an object

Answer 19

INDIRECT CONTACT

Question 20

Inanimate objects (eating utensils, drinking cups, water bottles, hospital instruments, clothing, money, doorknobs, and tampons)

Answer 20

Fomites

Question 21

Fomites

Answer 21

Inanimate objects (eating utensils, drinking cups, water bottles, hospital instruments, clothing, money, doorknobs, and tampons)

Question 22

Ingestion of contaminated food
Intake of contaminated water
Inhalation of infectious aerosols

Answer 22

Vehicle transmission

Question 23

Mechanical vectors
Biological vectors (insects or arthropods)

Answer 23

Vector transmission

Question 24

The microorganisms enter the host through different ____________ such as the mucous membrane, gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, and broken skin.

Answer 24

portals of entry

Question 25

portals of entry

Answer 25

mucous membrane, gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, and broken skin.

Question 26

The key to infection concept is that the ____ must be susceptible to the infecting organism.

Answer 26

host

Question 27

The host’s __________ is often affected by different factors such as age, disease, medication, and immunosuppressive agents.

Answer 27

susceptibility

Question 28

Factors that affects the host’s susceptibility

Answer 28

age, disease, medication, and immunosuppressive agents.

Question 29

should be of primary goal of healthcare institutions.

Answer 29

Breaking the chain of infection

Question 30

In breaking the link of infection,
procedures and interventions should be done such as:

Answer 30

effective hand hygiene, good nutrition, immunization, insect and pest control, isolation and decontamination, use of proper safety devices, use of personal protective equipment (PPE), and proper disposal of sharps and waste materials.

Question 31

Health care institutions should have an___________________ Program.

Answer 31

Infection-Control

Question 32

Infection-Control Program Functions:

Answer 32

1. To protect patients, employees, and visitors form infection
2. To screen employees for infectious diseases and require immunization when needed
3. To provide evaluation and treatment to health workers who were exposed to infections while performing their duty, and
4. To monitor employees and patients who are at risk of infection and collect data from patients and health workers who were exposed to such.