LESSON 2

Question 1

Loss of tooth structure / degradative changes of tooth structure due to non-carious causes resulting in wear of tooth structure and loss of function

Answer 1

REGRESSIVE CHANGES

Question 2

REGRESSIVE CHANGES IN ENAMEL

Answer 2

Attrition

Abrasion

Erosion

Abfraction

Question 3

PHYSIOLOGIC wear of tooth due to tooth-to-tooth contact, mastication, or parafunction

Answer 3

ATTRITION

Question 4

Appearance of small, polished facet on a cusp tip or ridge
or a slight flattening of an incisal edge

Answer 4

ATTRITION

Question 5

People who like to constantly eat course or hard food that can cause the teeth to flatten out

Course foods: hard crunchy foods like chicharron

Answer 5

ATTRITION

Question 6

ETIOLOGY OF ATTRITION

Answer 6

Diet

Age

Parafunctional occlusal forces

Contact with poorly polished ceramic restorations.

Accelerated by poor quality or absent enamel.

Question 7

True or False

The older a person becomes; the more attrition is exhibited.

Answer 7

True

Question 8

when the person is conscious, and they like to bite strongly on their teeth and they’re
not chewing. (Conscious: when they are stress)

Answer 8

Clenching will cause attrtion

Question 9

when people grind. A condition wherein the person is not aware of (Unconscious:
sleeping)

Answer 9

Bruxism will cause attrition

Question 10

TRUE or FALSE

Using hard bristles when toothbrushing for 2-3 mins can cause abrasion

Answer 10

True

Question 11

V-shaped notches with sharply defined margins on the root side of the cementoenamel junction in teeth with some gingival recession

Answer 11

ABRASION

Question 12

affects large areas and small polished facets at the cuspal tips

Answer 12

ATTRITION

Question 13

Vigorous tooth brushing or flossing (and people who likes to use toothpicks)

Improper use of dental floss and toothpicks may produce
lesions on the proximal exposed root surface.

Answer 13

ABRASION

Question 14

Habits of constant biting of hard objects

o Pen chewing/ biting.
o Habitual pipe smokers may develop notching of the teeth that conforms to the shape of the pipe stem.
o Bottle opening with teeth.
o Fingernail biting

Answer 14

ABRASION

Question 15

loss of tooth structure due to mechanical reasons (root area)

Answer 15

ABRASION

Question 16

Irreversible loss of tooth structure due to a chemical process (does not involve bacteria)

Answer 16

EROSION

Question 17

Shallow, scooped-out (smooth) surfaces.

Answer 17

EROSION

Question 18

Causes

Intrinsic:

Stomach acid reaching teeth
Obesity, Pregnancy
Excessive alcoholism
Eating disorder (bulimia nervosa, anorexia nervosa)

Answer 18

EROSION

Question 19

Extrinsic:
o Occupational causes
People who work in factories.
Sometimes they are exposed to some chemicals. Chronically, can affect their teeth.

o Acidic foods and drinks (has low pH, high acidity)
 Citrus fruits
 Fruit juices

Answer 19

EROSION

Question 20

a condition or erosion that affects the general lingual
surfaces of the teeth.

Answer 20

Perimolysis

Question 21

loss of tooth structure both enamel and dentin or under the CEJ

Answer 21

Abfraction

Question 22

True or false

PERIMOLYSIS’
- erosion at lingual surfaces due to intrinsic acid pH: 1-2)

Answer 22

True

Question 23

• Deep, narrow, wedge-/ V-shaped only at cervical areas
• Subgingival

Answer 23

ABFRACTION

Question 24

Abnormal biochemical (occlusal) stresses

o Swallowing, clenching, or cyclic
o Cervical lesion

Answer 24

ABFRACTION

Question 25

MANAGEMENT OF ENAMEL REGRESSIVE CHANGES

Answer 25

- Know the cause of loss of tooth structure - Immediate therapy for resolution of sensitivity and pain (desensitizers) - mouth guards - resto/prostho treatment - relax

Question 26

the dentin formed when the tooth is still developing.

Answer 26

Primary dentin

Question 27

REGRESSIVE CHANGES IN DENTIN

Answer 27

Primary dentin Secondary dentin Tertiary dentin

Question 28

formed when the root is completely formed.

Answer 28

Secondary dentin

Question 29

also called reparative dentin. There is a cause. (Dead tracts, Sclerotic dentin)

Answer 29

Tertiary dentin

Question 30

occurs when fluid found inside dentinal tubules dry up

Answer 30

Dead tracts ( black)

Question 31

occurs when dentin becomes hypermineralized

Answer 31

Sclerotic dentin ( white )

Question 32

Where does dead tracts can be found?

Answer 32

Found in incisal and cuspal tip areas.

Question 33

TRANSPARENT DENTIN

Answer 33

SCLEROTIC DENTIN

Question 34

A regressive alteration in tooth substance that is characterized by calcification of the dentinal tubules.

Answer 34

SCLEROTIC DENTIN

Question 35

Will appear as black because the dentinal tubules which is normally filled with dentinal fluid, is now empty of that dentinal fluid.

Answer 35

DEAD TRACTS

Question 36

T/F In SCLEROTIC DENTIN, Dentinal tubules is filled with increased amount of mineral structures or even around your odontoblastic processes

Answer 36

True

Question 37

Result of injury or manifestation of the normal aging process

Answer 37

SCLEROTIC DENTIN

Question 38

True or false The presence of dead tracts and sclerotic dentin is one reason why teeth that has attrition or abrasion will not have sensitivity because the areas are protected by these two areas especially the sclerotic dentin

Answer 38

True

Question 39

MECHANISMS FOR SCLEROTIC DENTIN

Answer 39

1. Increased deposition of intratubular dentin 2. Tubule occlusion by precipitated mineral (whitlockite) crystals

Question 40

Fat droplet depositionk

Answer 40

Fatty degeneration

Question 41

Earliest histology change that occurs int e pulp tissue

Answer 41

Fatty degeneration

Question 42

Just like in vacuolization but you have an increase in intercellular fluid but this time, because of _____________ the fibers in your pulp will look like as if they’re knitted.

Answer 42

Reticular atrophy

Question 43

thickening or increase in number

Answer 43

Pulpal Fibrosis

Question 44

REGRESSIVE CHANGES IN THE PULP

Answer 44

1. Fatty degeneration 2. Vacuolization of Odontoblastic layer 3. Reticular atrophy 4. Pulpal Fibrosis 5. Denticles/ Pulp Stone

Question 45

Hardened or mineralized structures found within your pulp area

Answer 45

PULP STONE / DENTICLES

Question 46

Why are they called denticles?

Answer 46

Their structure on a cross section can resemble your dentinal structure.

Question 47

o In cross section resembles dentin o Since these are mineralized structures, it appears radiopaque or white in radiographs.

Answer 47

True denticle

Question 48

Doesn’t resemble dentin.

Answer 48

False denticle

Question 49

Found free located in the pulp tissue.

Answer 49

Free

Question 50

Part of it is in the pulp tissue, part of it is in the dentin surface

Answer 50

Attached

Question 51

Completely found in dentin

Answer 51

Embedded

Question 52

o Round in structure or circular o Can be found anywhere.

Answer 52

Nodular

Question 53

o Irregular in shape o Can be found anywhere.

Answer 53

Amorphous

Question 54

o Elongated or fibrous in form o Usually found in root canal area

Answer 54

Diffuse or fibrillar

Question 55

The increase or thickening of cementum

Answer 55

HYPERCEMENTOSIS

Question 56

Conditions ex. Paget’s disease

Answer 56

HYPERCEMENTOSIS

Question 57

ETIOLOGY: • Accelerated tooth elongation. • Periapical inflammation • Tooth repair in trauma • Conditions ex. Paget’s disease

Answer 57

HYPERCEMENTOSIS

Question 58

True or false CEMENTICLES • Can be free, embedded or attached.

Answer 58

True

Question 59

Breakdown or destruction and loss of root structure of a tooth

Answer 59

ROOT RESORPTION

Question 60

Is one condition that can be seen clinically because the tooth will appear pink.

Answer 60

INTERNAL RESORPTION

Question 61

Sometimes called pink tooth of Mummery.

Answer 61

INTERNAL RESORPTION

Question 62

Pink hue because of increase granulation of tissue within the chamber or the root

Answer 62

INTERNAL RESORPTION

Question 63

True or false INTERNAL RESORPTION Needs to undergo root canal treatment

Answer 63

True

Question 64

Etiology • Pulpal inflammation • Periodontal infection • Pressure from orthodontic movement, impacted tooth, or tumors. • Traumatic injuries • Presence of cementicles on root surface

Answer 64

EXTERNAL RESORPTION

Question 65

increase of intracellular liquid

Answer 65

Vacuolization of Odontoblastic Layer

Question 66

- occurs with time due to aging

Answer 66

Pulp Fibrosis

Question 67

- difficulty in root canal treatment but not a cause for alarm

Answer 67

Denticles/Pulp Stones

Question 68

calcific structures forming inside PDL space ( no clinical sognificance unless exposed to oral environment w/c can cause accumulation of dental plaque leading to cavities/periodontal disease)

Answer 68

CEMENTICLES

Question 69

loss of root structure starts inside of tooth (dentin)

Answer 69

INTERNAL RESORPTION

Question 70

loss of root structure starts outside of tooth (cementum)

Answer 70

EXTERNAL RESORPTION

Question 71

-anything with excessive outside force may cause this - needs to undego tooth extraction

Answer 71

EXTERNAL RESORPTION

Question 72

Severe jarring of a tooth with a contusion of the periodontal ligament

Answer 72

CONCUSSION

Question 73

• Simplest form of traumatic injuries • The structures are still in place, but they are jilted from their normal position. • In the apical part you have a radiolucency

Answer 73

CONCUSSION

Question 74

A TRAUMATIC INJURIES with no change in tooth position and no gingival bleeding

Answer 74

CONCUSSION

Question 75

- dislocation of tooth from sockets - presence of sensitivity to percussion, increased mobility but no displacement

Answer 75

LUXATION

Question 76

“Loosen”

Answer 76

LUXATION

Question 77

- break in the continuity of dental hard tissues - will appear greyish or radioluscent

Answer 77

FRACTURE

Question 78

(root has severe abrupt curves along the root) - deformity of tooth characterized by a sharp bend at the neck or root part of the tooth - happens when developing tooth undergo some form of traume during developing stage

Answer 78

Dilaceration

Question 79

- forceful displacement of a tooth from the socket

Answer 79

Avulsion

Question 80

True or false Avulsed teeth depending on the time can not be returned to the socket

Answer 80

False Avulsed teeth depending on the time can still be returned to the socket

Question 81

A SUPERNUMERARY TOOTH extra tooth between maxillary central incisors

Answer 81

Mesiodens

Question 82

SUPERNUMERARY TOOTH extra tooth found elsewhere than in the midline of the arch

Answer 82

Peridens

Question 83

SUPERNUMERARY TOOTH extra teeth distal to 3rd molars

Answer 83

Distomolar

Question 84

extra teeth on the buccal or lingual side of the maxillary molar

Answer 84

Paramolar

Question 85

all teeth are missing, may involve both deciduous and permanent dentition

Answer 85

Total Anodontia

Question 86

occurs as a result of extraction of all teeth

Answer 86

False Anodontia

Question 87

sometimes applied to multiple unerupted teeth

Answer 87

Pseudoanodontia

Question 88

common in central or lateral incisors; usually central incisors with a notch on the incisal edge

Answer 88

Hutchinson’s Teeth

Question 89

usually found on the upper central incisors on the lingual side; these are over-developed cingulum

Answer 89

Talon’s Cusps

Question 90

crossing the line of occlusion

Answer 90

Supraversion