Lesson 2 Flashcards
A famous philosopher and astronomer, __________, stated that the planets, as well as the sun and the moon, moved in a circular motion around the Earth.
Claudius Ptolemy
Claudius Ptolemy believe that the Earth was the center of the universe - a concept known as _______
Geocentrism
Ptolemy’s ____ model was widely accepted by the people and was one of the greatest discoveries of that time.
geocentric
In the _____ model, the Sun and the other six visible objects in the sky
revolve around the Earth.
geocentric
Series of the planets on geocentric model
- Earth
- Moon
- Mercury
- Sun
- Mars
- Jupiter
- Saturn
He introduced a new concept known as heliocentrism, which suggested
that the center of the Solar System was not the Earth but actually the sun
Nicolaus opernicus
Who introduced Heliocentrism?
Nicolaus Copernicus
In the _________ model, the Earth is just one out of many planets, all of which orbit the Sun in elliptical orbits.
heliocentric
This idea was rejected at first by the public
Heliocentric Model by Copernicus
Heliocentrism was eventually accepted by the people in a period which was called the ________
birth of modern astronomy
This era began what was known as the scientific revolution which resulted
in the transformation of society’s thoughts and beliefs.
Copernican Revolution
The theory of evolution by natural selection, first formulated in Darwin’s book “_____” in 1859, is the process by which organisms change over time as a result of changes in heritable physical or behavioral traits
On the Origin of Species
Changes that allow an organism to better adapt to its environment will help it survive and have more offspring
Darwinian Revolution
The theory is sometimes described as “survival of the fittest,” but that can be misleading, Pobiner said. Here, “____” refers not to an organism’s strength or athletic ability, but rather the
ability to survive and reproduce.
fitness/ fittes
Psychology was considered more of an ____ rather than _______
art
science
In the late 19th century, ______was able to change people’s perception psychology with his revolutionary theory of psychoanalysis.
Sigmund Freud
____ is the study that explains human behaviour
Psychoanalysis
Sigmund Freud also argued that
personality is a product of three conflicting elements
id, ego, and superego
Id - ______
Ego- _____
Superego- ________
Id- Instincts
Ego- Reality
Superego- Morality
According to Freud psychoanalytic theory, the ____ is the primitive and instinctual part of the mind that contains sexual and
aggressive drives and hidden memories
id
the ____operates as
a moral conscience
super-ego
and the _____ is the realistic part that mediates between the desires of the id and the super-ego
ego
The____ is the primitive and instinctive component of personality
id
The_____ is ‘that part of the id which has been modified by the direct influence of the external world.
ego
