LESSON 2 and 3 Flashcards
1
Q
contain membrane-bound organelles and nucleus
A
Eukaryotic Cells
2
Q
Does not contain nucleus or any membrane-bound organelle
A
Prokaryotic Cells
3
Q
Are acellular (neither prokaryotic or eukaryotic)
A
Viruses
4
Q
Microorganisms that have no medical importance and does not cause disease to humans
A
Archaea
5
Q
Archaea are
A
Extremophiles
6
Q
Extremophiles could be:
A
Halophiles or salt-loving
Thermophiles or heat-loving
Alkaliphiles or alkaline-loving
Acidophiles or acid-loving
7
Q
It is the bacteria of interest in medicine
A
Eubacteria
8
Q
Eubacteria has cell walls that is composed of a carbohydrate and protein complex called
A
Peptidoglycan
9
Q
classified based on the thickness of the cell wall
A
Eubactera
10
Q
Eubacteria generally reproduce by dividing into two equal cells
A
Binary fission
11
Q
Eubacteria can swim using appendages called
A
flagella
12
Q
TRUE OR FALSE
All bacteria has flagella.
A
False
13
Q
It may be unicellular or multicellular (has both DNA and RNA)
A
Fungi
14
Q
Fungi are composed of cell walls composed primarily if a substance called
A
Chitin
15
Q
Human fungal disease
A
Mycoses
16
Q
fungal disease located on the skin
A
Superficial mycoses
17
Q
Fungal disease located in the body
A
Systemic mycoses
18
Q
It is divided into molds and yeasts
A
Fungi
19
Q
Are unicellular eukaryotic microbes classified based on their means of locomotion
A
Protozoa
20
Q
Protozoa with pseudopods or false feet as their means of locomotion
A
Sarcodina
21
Q
Example of sarcodina
A
Amoeba
22
Q
Protozoa with flagella as their means of locomotion
A
Mastigophora
23
Q
Example of mastigophora
A
Euglena
24
Q
Protozoa with cilia as their means of locomotion
A
Ciliophora
25
Example of Ciliophora
Paramecium
26
Protozoa with no means of locomotion
Apicomplexa
27
Example of apicomplexa
Plasmodium
28
Are plant-like organisms, most have chlorophyll and are capable of photosynthesis
Algae
29
Algae has cell walls composed of a carbohydrate called
Cellulose
30
Algae that causes red tides
Dinoflagellates
31
Microorganisms that do not produce significant diseases in humans but are beneficial sources of food, iodine, and other minerals
Algae
32
Group of worms that live as parasites
Helminths
33
Are eukaryotic organisms with complex body organization
Helminths
34
They receive nutrients by ingesting and absorbing digestive contents or ingesting and absorbing body fluids or tissues.
Helminths
35
Types of helminths
Tapeworm (cestodes)
Flukes (tematodes)
Roundworm (nematodes)
36
It takes over the cell host
Virus
37
A virus that infects bacteria
Bacteriophage
38
Parts of a virus
Capsid
Genome
Envelope
39
Acellular, obligate intracellular parasites that is structurally very simple
Virus
40
Can reproduce only by using the cellular machinery of other organisms
Virus
41
An infectious particle and a type of protein that can trigger normal proteins in the brain to fold abnormally.
Prions
42
Responsible for a variety of extremely fatal neurodegenerative diseases of animals but can be transmitted to humans
Prions
43
Disease caused by prions transmitted from a cattle
Transmissible Spongiform Encephalitis (TSE)
44
Disease caused by prions transmitted from cows
Bovine Spongiform Encephalophaty (BSE)
45
Disease caused by prions transmitted from humans
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD)
46
All microbes have cells
FALSE
47
aka as the sugar coat
Glycocalyx
48
a viscous (sticky),
gelatinous polymer that is external to the cell wall and composed of polysaccharide, polypeptide, or both.
Glycocalyx
49
glycocalyx firmly attached to the cell wall
Capsule
50
glycocalyx that is loosely attached
Slime layer
51
It is used to evade phagocytosis (serves as a deception to phagocytes)
Glycocalyx
52
Long filamentous appendages that propel bacteria (causes the bacteria to move)
Flagella
53
Bacteria that lacks flagella
Atrichous
54
Bacteria with a single flagellum
Monotrichous
55
Bacteria with flagella distributed over the entire cell
Peritrichous
56
A tuft of flagella coming from one pole
Lophotrichous
57
Flagella at both ends of the pole
Amphitrichous
58
have a structure similar to that of
flagella
Axial Filaments (Endoflagella)
59
Hair-like appendages that are shorter, straighter, and thinner than flagella
Pili/Fimbriae
60
Used for attachment and transfer of DNA rather than for motility.
Pili/Fimbriae
61
Defines the shape of the bacterium
Cell wall
62
Ribosomes of bacteria
70S
63
Ribosomes of fungi
80S
64
The bacteria from the genus Mycoplasma do not have a cell wall. Hence, resistant to Gram Staining
True
65
found inside the stalk of a fungus
hyphae
66
A collection of hyphae
Mycelium
67
Two types of hyphae
Septate Hyphae
Aseptate Hyphae
68
Hyphae with septa divisions
Septate hyphae
69
Hyphae without septum
Aseptate hyphae
70
It is 40 layers thick, 90% peptidoglycan, and 10% teichoic acid
Gram Positive Cell wall
71
Protects bacteria from osmotic shock
Cell wall
72
If the cell wall is destroyed, bacteria dies
True
73
consist primarily of an alcohol (such as glycerol or ribitol) and phosphate. They may bind and regulate the movement of cations (positive ions) into and out of the cell.
Teichoic acids
74
Carrier of malaria
Anopheles Mosquito
75
Positive agent of malaria
Genus Plasmodium
76
Two classes of teichoic acid
Lipoteichoic acid
Wall Teichoic acid
77
linked to the plasma membrane
Lipoteichoic acid
78
linked to the peptidoglycan layer
Wall Teichoic Acid
79
Very thin, 1 layer only, no teichoic acid but with outer cell envelope (makes the cell impermeable to antibacterial agents)
Gram Negative Cell Wall
80
contains antibiotic-inactivating enzyme
Periplasmic space
81
Powerhouse of the bacterial cell and serves as a selective barrier through which materials can enter and exit the cell.
Plasma Membrane
82
Plasma membrane is selectively permeable because of
Phospholipids
83
It contains enzymes capable of catalyzing the chemical reactions that breakdown nutrients and produce ATP
Plasma Membrane
84
80% water
thick, aqueous, semitransparent, and elastic. It houses the nucleoid (containing DNA), particles called ribosomes, and reserve deposits called inclusions
Cytoplasm
85
A single long, continuous and frequently circularly arranged thread of double-stranded DNA called the bacterial chromosome (which carries all the information required for the cell’s structure and functions)
Nucleoid
86
the target of antibiotics and site of protein synthesis
Ribosomes
87
the suicide bag; releases enzymes
Lysosomes
88
The extrachromosomal genetic elements that are not connected to the main bacterial chromosome, but can replicate independently of chromosomal DNA
Plasmids
89
used for gene manipulation in biotechnology and may carry genes for such activities as antibiotic resistance, tolerance to toxic metals, the production of toxins, and the synthesis of enzymes
Plasmids
90
aka as reserve deposits
Inclusions
91
Cells may accumulate certain nutrients when they are plentiful and use them when the environment is deficient.
92
the resting cells; produced by bacteria (genus Bacillus and Clostridium) when they are under hostile environment
Endospores
93
composition of endospores which is resistant to heat, drying,
chemical agents and radiation
Dipicolinic acid
94
The process of spore formation which occurs when environment is not favorable to the bacterium
Sporulation
95
The process called when the bacterium returns to its vegetative state.
Germination
