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112L > Lesson 2 | Prelim > Flashcards

Lesson 2 | Prelim Flashcards

Review of CELL SHAPE, TISSUE, LAYERS, ORGAN, AND ORGAN SYSTEM RADIOGRAPHIC IMAGING

1
Q

Cell shape of squamous cells

A

Thin, flat, and scaly

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2
Q

Function of squamous cells

A

Allows rapid passage of substances through its thin shape

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3
Q

It is well adapted for diffusion/filtration of water, gases, and other substances

A

Squamous Cells

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4
Q

How many layers and what are the layers of the skin?

A

2 layers:
1. Epidermis
2. Dermis

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5
Q

Layer deep to the dermis

A

SUBCUTANEOUS LAYER/ HYPODERMIS

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6
Q

First imaging modality of choice/ standard for examining the skin

A

ULTRASOUND

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7
Q

Standard for imaging skeletal system/ bones

A

CT Scan

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8
Q

Standard for imaging underlying soft tissue structures

A

MRI

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9
Q

Cell shape of skeletal muscle cells

A

Long and c ylindrical

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10
Q

Other term for skeletal muscle cells

A

Muscle fiber

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11
Q

Function of skeletal muscle cells

A

Allows movement of body through muscle contraction (The elongated shape of the cell allows it to contract and relax which generates the movement)

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12
Q

Pigmented area in the skeletal muscle cell

A

Nucleus

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13
Q

Horizontal lines in the muscle fiber

A

Striations

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14
Q

Muscle found in the shoulder

A

Deltoid muscle

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15
Q

Function of the deltoid muscle

A

Moves the arm in different directions (Movement is made possible because of the presence of many muscle fibers found in the deltoid)

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16
Q

4 imaging modalities for the muscular system

A

General Image Radiography (eg. Soft Tissue Technique)
MRI
CT Scan
Ultrasound

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17
Q

An imaging modality that plays limited role in evaluation of suspected abnormalities in the muscles, usually just a soft tissue swelling

A

General Image Radiography

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18
Q

General Image Radiography plays limited role in evaluation of suspected abnormalities in the muscles, usually just a —

A

soft tissue swelling

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19
Q

A simple radiographic examination wherein usually, the technical exposure factors are adjusted in order to allow the soft tissues to be examined

A

Soft tissue technique

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20
Q

Cell shape of the bone cell

A

Stellate

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21
Q

Function of the bone cell

A

Dictates bone remodeling and repair (made possible through the presence of branches/ processes which communicate with neighboring osteocyte or other cells)

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22
Q

Most common type of bone cell

A

Osteocyte

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23
Q

Primary bone found in mature bones

A

Osteocyte

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24
Q

Bones found in the hand

A

Phalanges
Metacarpals
Carpals

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25
Distal portion of the bones in the hands
Phalanges
26
Proximal to the phalanges
Metacarpals
27
What are the carpals also known as?
Wrist bones
28
Most proximal part of the bone hand
Carpals
29
3 imaging modalities for the skeletal system
GENERAL RADIOGRAPHY/ X-RAY CT SCAN BONE DENSITOMETRY
30
Can provide a more detailed image of the bones, but it is more expensive
CT Scan
31
First imaging modality of choice for skeletal system/ bones
General Radiography/ X-ray
32
Cell shape of the spinal cord
Stellate or Globular
33
Function of the spinal cord
Transmit electric signals (branches/ processes emerging from its body: responsible for its function)
34
Transverse cut to a structure/ tissue
Cross section
35
Butterfly structure/ inner part of the spinal cord
Gray matter
36
Surrounding structure outside the butterfly shape
White matter
37
3 imaging modalities for the nervous system
FLUOROSCOPY/ FLUOROSCOPE (eg. MYELOGRAPHY/ MYELOGRAM) CT SCAN MRI
38
2 Types of cells found in the lungs
1. THIN-SHAPED 2. CUBOIDAL/ ROUNDED
39
Cell found in the lungs that allows substances to easily pass through just like gas, which relates to its function of gas exchange
Thin-shaped cells
40
Ccell found in the lungs wherein its width and length are equal, giving it a larger surface area which improves it’s function of secretion
Cuboidal/ Rounded cells
41
Function of the lungs cells
Site of gas exchange Secrete alveolar fluid
42
Lobes of the lungs
RIGHT LOBES 1. Superior 2. Middle 3. Inferior LEFT LOBES 1. Superior 2. Inferior
43
4 imaging modalities for the respiratory system
GENERAL IMAGE RADIOGRAPHY (eg CHEST X-RAY) MRI CT SCAN ULTRASOUND
44
Imaging test that uses X-ray to look at the structure and organs of the chest, mainly just the lungs and silhouette/shadow of the heart
CHEST X-RAY
45
Soft tissue structures can be much more appreciated using this imaging modality
MRI
46
Cell shape of the stomach
Columnar
47
Function of the stomach
- Absorb nutrients from the food taken in - Secrete digestive enzymes that help in the break down of food
48
Shape, location, and function of the stomach
- J-shaped - Located directly inferior to the diaphragm - Functions to digest food
49
Most superior part of the stomach
Fundus
50
Entry point of the stomach
Cardia
51
Largest section of the stomach
Body
52
Lowermost part of the stomach
Antrum
53
Opening between the stomach and the small intestine
Pylorus
54
5 imaging modalities of the digestive system
UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL SERIES (u.g.i.s) CT SCAN MRI FLUOROSCOPY/ FLUOROSCOPE ULTRASOUND
55
UGIS is a radiographic examination of the (1), which involves the (2), (3), and (4)
1. upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract 2. esophagus 3. stomach 4. duodenum
56
Cell shape of RBCs
Biconcave/ Discoidal
57
Other term for RBCs
Erythrocytes
58
Function of the RBCs
Transport oxygen to the diff parts of the body
59
It is found at the center of red blood cells which allows it to maximize oxygen-carrying capacity, and helps the cell to be flexible and twist/ be deformed repeatedly at it makes its way to the narrow, twisted blood vessel
Depression
60
Cell shape of WBCs
Irregular
61
Other term for WBCs
Leukocytes
62
Function of the WBCs
Engulf/ kill bacteria that enter the blood to prevent diseases
63
What specimens have the same layers?
Vein and artery
64
Innermost layer of the blood vessel
Tunica intima
65
Outermost layer of the blood vessel
Tunica Adventitia
66
Layers of the blood vessels
Tunica Intima Tunica Media Tunica Adventitia
67
4 imaging modalities for the cirsculatory system
FLUOROSCOPY/ FLUOROSCOPE (eg. CEREBRAL ANGIOGRAPHY) CT SCAN ANGIOGRAPHY MRI ANGIOGRAPHY VASCULAR ULTRASOUND
68
Imaging of the vascular system of the brain or to examine the blood vessels found in the brain for abnormality such as aneurysm
Cerebral angiography
69
Radiographic examination of the blood vessels after the injection of a contrast medium or a dye, which highlights the different blood vessels in the body
Angiography
70
An ultrasound that images the blood vessels
Vascular ultrasound
71
An ultrasound that images the heart
2D Echo test
72
Cell shape of the thyroid gland
Cuboidal to low columnar
73
Function of the thyroid gland
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
74
Shape of the thyroid gland
Butterfly-shaped
75
Parts of the thyroid gland
1. Right lobe 2. Left lobe 3. Isthmus
76
4 imaging modalities for the endocrine system
NUCLEAR MEDICINE (eg. NORMAL UPTAKE) CT SCAN MRI ULTRASOUND
77
Imaging test that uses a radioactive iodine tracer to examine the structure and function of the thyroid gland
Normal uptake
78
Used in determining the size, shape, and structural function of an organ that is usually unattainable with other imaging procedures
Radioactive iodine tracer
79
Cell shape of the kidney gland
Squamous or Cuboidal
80
Function of the kidney gland
- Filtration of blood (Squamous) - Secretion of hormones
81
Shape of the kidney gland
bean-shaped
82
Main parts of the kidney gland
1. Renal cortex 2. Renal medulla 3. Capsule
83
Outermost covering of the kidney
Capsule
84
5 imaging modalities for the endocrine system
FLUOROSCOPY/ FLUOROSCOPE ULTRASOUND CT SCAN MRI NUCLEAR MEDICINE
85
Cell shape of the sprem cell
Oval shaped head w/ a tail
86
Function of the sperm cell
- Tail helps in faster travel - Oval-shaped head helps penetrate the egg in order to fertilize it
87
Paired oval glands found in the scrotum
Testes/ Testicles
88
Responsible for producing sperm cells
Testes/ Testicles
89
Ultrasound examination of the prostate
PROSTATE ULTRASOUND
90
Ultrasound examination through the abdomen
Transabdominal
91
Ultrasound examination through the rectum
Transrectal
92
3 imaging modalities for the reproductive system
PROSTATE ULTRASOUND MRI CT SCAN
93
One of the accessory structures of the eyes
Lacrimal apparatus/ Lacrimal system
94
Lacrimal system is a group of structures that (1) and (2) (3) or tears
1. produces 2. drains 3. lacrimal fluids
95
Function of the lacrimal fluid
Protect and cleanse, lubricate and moistens the eyeballs
96
3 imaging modalitie sfor special senses
FLUOROSCOPY/ FLUOROSCOPE (eg. DACRYOCYSTOGRAPHY) MRI CT SCAN
97
Denote radiologic examination of the nasolacrimal drainage system
DACRYOCYSTOGRAPHY

112L (9 decks)

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