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0841L RAD TECH 112L > Lesson 2 | Prelim > Flashcards

Lesson 2 | Prelim Flashcards

Review of CELL SHAPE, TISSUE, LAYERS, ORGAN, AND ORGAN SYSTEM RADIOGRAPHIC IMAGING

1
Q

Cell shape of squamous cells

A

Thin, flat, and scaly

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2
Q

Function of squamous cells

A

Allows rapid passage of substances through its thin shape

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3
Q

It is well adapted for diffusion/filtration of water, gases, and other substances

A

Squamous Cells

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4
Q

How many layers and what are the layers of the skin?

A

2 layers:
1. Epidermis
2. Dermis

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5
Q

Layer deep to the dermis

A

SUBCUTANEOUS LAYER/ HYPODERMIS

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6
Q

First imaging modality of choice/ standard for examining the skin

A

ULTRASOUND

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7
Q

Standard for imaging skeletal system/ bones

A

CT Scan

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8
Q

Standard for imaging underlying soft tissue structures

A

MRI

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9
Q

Cell shape of skeletal muscle cells

A

Long and c ylindrical

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10
Q

Other term for skeletal muscle cells

A

Muscle fiber

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11
Q

Function of skeletal muscle cells

A

Allows movement of body through muscle contraction (The elongated shape of the cell allows it to contract and relax which generates the movement)

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12
Q

Pigmented area in the skeletal muscle cell

A

Nucleus

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13
Q

Horizontal lines in the muscle fiber

A

Striations

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14
Q

Muscle found in the shoulder

A

Deltoid muscle

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15
Q

Function of the deltoid muscle

A

Moves the arm in different directions (Movement is made possible because of the presence of many muscle fibers found in the deltoid)

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16
Q

4 imaging modalities for the muscular system

A

General Image Radiography (eg. Soft Tissue Technique)
MRI
CT Scan
Ultrasound

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17
Q

An imaging modality that plays limited role in evaluation of suspected abnormalities in the muscles, usually just a soft tissue swelling

A

General Image Radiography

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18
Q

General Image Radiography plays limited role in evaluation of suspected abnormalities in the muscles, usually just a —

A

soft tissue swelling

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19
Q

A simple radiographic examination wherein usually, the technical exposure factors are adjusted in order to allow the soft tissues to be examined

A

Soft tissue technique

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20
Q

Cell shape of the bone cell

A

Stellate

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21
Q

Function of the bone cell

A

Dictates bone remodeling and repair (made possible through the presence of branches/ processes which communicate with neighboring osteocyte or other cells)

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22
Q

Most common type of bone cell

A

Osteocyte

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23
Q

Primary bone found in mature bones

A

Osteocyte

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24
Q

Bones found in the hand

A

Phalanges
Metacarpals
Carpals

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25
Q

Distal portion of the bones in the hands

A

Phalanges

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26
Q

Proximal to the phalanges

A

Metacarpals

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27
Q

What are the carpals also known as?

A

Wrist bones

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28
Q

Most proximal part of the bone hand

A

Carpals

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29
Q

3 imaging modalities for the skeletal system

A

GENERAL RADIOGRAPHY/ X-RAY
CT SCAN
BONE DENSITOMETRY

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30
Q

Can provide a more detailed image of the bones, but it is more expensive

A

CT Scan

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31
Q

First imaging modality of choice for skeletal system/ bones

A

General Radiography/ X-ray

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32
Q

Cell shape of the spinal cord

A

Stellate or Globular

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33
Q

Function of the spinal cord

A

Transmit electric signals (branches/ processes emerging from its body: responsible for its function)

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34
Q

Transverse cut to a structure/ tissue

A

Cross section

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35
Q

Butterfly structure/ inner part of the spinal cord

A

Gray matter

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36
Q

Surrounding structure outside the butterfly shape

A

White matter

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37
Q

3 imaging modalities for the nervous system

A

FLUOROSCOPY/ FLUOROSCOPE (eg. MYELOGRAPHY/ MYELOGRAM)
CT SCAN
MRI

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38
Q

2 Types of cells found in the lungs

A
  1. THIN-SHAPED
  2. CUBOIDAL/ ROUNDED
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39
Q

Cell found in the lungs that allows substances to easily pass through just like gas, which relates to its function of gas exchange

A

Thin-shaped cells

40
Q

Ccell found in the lungs wherein its width and length are equal, giving it a larger surface area which improves it’s function of secretion

A

Cuboidal/ Rounded cells

41
Q

Function of the lungs cells

A

Site of gas exchange
Secrete alveolar fluid

42
Q

Lobes of the lungs

A

RIGHT LOBES
1. Superior
2. Middle
3. Inferior

LEFT LOBES
1. Superior
2. Inferior

43
Q

4 imaging modalities for the respiratory system

A

GENERAL IMAGE RADIOGRAPHY (eg CHEST X-RAY)
MRI
CT SCAN
ULTRASOUND

44
Q

Imaging test that uses X-ray to look at the structure and organs of the chest, mainly just the lungs and silhouette/shadow of the heart

A

CHEST X-RAY

45
Q

Soft tissue structures can be much more appreciated using this imaging modality

A

MRI

46
Q

Cell shape of the stomach

A

Columnar

47
Q

Function of the stomach

A
  • Absorb nutrients from the food taken in
  • Secrete digestive enzymes that help in the break down of food
48
Q

Shape, location, and function of the stomach

A
  • J-shaped
  • Located directly inferior to the diaphragm
  • Functions to digest food
49
Q

Most superior part of the stomach

A

Fundus

50
Q

Entry point of the stomach

A

Cardia

51
Q

Largest section of the stomach

A

Body

52
Q

Lowermost part of the stomach

A

Antrum

53
Q

Opening between the stomach and the small intestine

A

Pylorus

54
Q

5 imaging modalities of the digestive system

A

UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL SERIES (u.g.i.s)
CT SCAN
MRI
FLUOROSCOPY/ FLUOROSCOPE
ULTRASOUND

55
Q

UGIS is a radiographic examination of the (1), which involves the (2), (3), and (4)

A
  1. upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract
  2. esophagus
  3. stomach
  4. duodenum
56
Q

Cell shape of RBCs

A

Biconcave/ Discoidal

57
Q

Other term for RBCs

A

Erythrocytes

58
Q

Function of the RBCs

A

Transport oxygen to the diff parts of the body

59
Q

It is found at the center of red blood cells which allows it to maximize oxygen-carrying capacity, and helps the cell to be flexible and twist/ be deformed repeatedly at it makes its way to the narrow, twisted blood vessel

A

Depression

60
Q

Cell shape of WBCs

A

Irregular

61
Q

Other term for WBCs

A

Leukocytes

62
Q

Function of the WBCs

A

Engulf/ kill bacteria that enter the blood to prevent diseases

63
Q

What specimens have the same layers?

A

Vein and artery

64
Q

Innermost layer of the blood vessel

A

Tunica intima

65
Q

Outermost layer of the blood vessel

A

Tunica Adventitia

66
Q

Layers of the blood vessels

A

Tunica Intima
Tunica Media
Tunica Adventitia

67
Q

4 imaging modalities for the cirsculatory system

A

FLUOROSCOPY/ FLUOROSCOPE (eg. CEREBRAL ANGIOGRAPHY)
CT SCAN ANGIOGRAPHY
MRI ANGIOGRAPHY
VASCULAR ULTRASOUND

68
Q

Imaging of the vascular system of the brain or to examine the blood vessels found in the brain for abnormality such as aneurysm

A

Cerebral angiography

69
Q

Radiographic examination of the blood vessels after the injection of a contrast medium or a dye, which highlights the different blood vessels in the body

A

Angiography

70
Q

An ultrasound that images the blood vessels

A

Vascular ultrasound

71
Q

An ultrasound that images the heart

A

2D Echo test

72
Q

Cell shape of the thyroid gland

A

Cuboidal to low columnar

73
Q

Function of the thyroid gland

A

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

74
Q

Shape of the thyroid gland

A

Butterfly-shaped

75
Q

Parts of the thyroid gland

A
  1. Right lobe
  2. Left lobe
  3. Isthmus
76
Q

4 imaging modalities for the endocrine system

A

NUCLEAR MEDICINE (eg. NORMAL UPTAKE)
CT SCAN
MRI
ULTRASOUND

77
Q

Imaging test that uses a radioactive iodine tracer to examine the structure and function of the thyroid gland

A

Normal uptake

78
Q

Used in determining the size, shape, and structural function of an organ that is usually unattainable with other imaging procedures

A

Radioactive iodine tracer

79
Q

Cell shape of the kidney gland

A

Squamous or Cuboidal

80
Q

Function of the kidney gland

A
  • Filtration of blood (Squamous)
  • Secretion of hormones
81
Q

Shape of the kidney gland

A

bean-shaped

82
Q

Main parts of the kidney gland

A
  1. Renal cortex
  2. Renal medulla
  3. Capsule
83
Q

Outermost covering of the kidney

A

Capsule

84
Q

5 imaging modalities for the endocrine system

A

FLUOROSCOPY/ FLUOROSCOPE
ULTRASOUND
CT SCAN
MRI
NUCLEAR MEDICINE

85
Q

Cell shape of the sprem cell

A

Oval shaped head w/ a tail

86
Q

Function of the sperm cell

A
  • Tail helps in faster travel
  • Oval-shaped head helps penetrate the egg in order to fertilize it
87
Q

Paired oval glands found in the scrotum

A

Testes/ Testicles

88
Q

Responsible for producing sperm cells

A

Testes/ Testicles

89
Q

Ultrasound examination of the prostate

A

PROSTATE ULTRASOUND

90
Q

Ultrasound examination through the abdomen

A

Transabdominal

91
Q

Ultrasound examination through the rectum

A

Transrectal

92
Q

3 imaging modalities for the reproductive system

A

PROSTATE ULTRASOUND
MRI
CT SCAN

93
Q

One of the accessory structures of the eyes

A

Lacrimal apparatus/ Lacrimal system

94
Q

Lacrimal system is a group of structures that (1) and (2) (3) or tears

A
  1. produces
  2. drains
  3. lacrimal fluids
95
Q

Function of the lacrimal fluid

A

Protect and cleanse, lubricate and moistens the eyeballs

96
Q

3 imaging modalitie sfor special senses

A

FLUOROSCOPY/ FLUOROSCOPE (eg. DACRYOCYSTOGRAPHY)
MRI
CT SCAN

97
Q

Denote radiologic examination of the nasolacrimal drainage system

A

DACRYOCYSTOGRAPHY

0841L RAD TECH 112L (9 decks)

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