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0841L RAD TECH 112L > Lesson 6 | Midterm > Flashcards

Lesson 6 | Midterm Flashcards

Health Assessment

1
Q

Physical assessment of the skin, hair, and nails provides data that may reveal local (?) or systemic problems

A

Health assessment

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2
Q

General survey is the inspection and palpation on what areas?

A
  1. Color
  2. Nails
  3. Hair
  4. Skin lesion
  5. Skin moisture
  6. Mobility and turgor
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3
Q

Loss of color

A

Pallor

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4
Q

What range of color does pallor present?

A

Pale-ashen

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5
Q

Most common cause/s of pallor

A

Decreased blood supply, anemia

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6
Q

Bluish discoloration

A

Cyanosis

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7
Q

Most common cause/s of cyanosis

A

Cardiopulmonary problems
Vasoconstriction
Lack of O2 in the blood

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8
Q

This may also cause the reddish color in the skin

A

O2

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9
Q

Yellow skin tone

A

Jaundice

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10
Q

Most common cause/s of jaundice

A

Liver disease
Problems in gallbladder or pancreas

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11
Q

Waste product that causes yellow pigment of patients with jaundice

A

Bilirubin

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12
Q

From the breakdown of RBC and should be filtered by the liver

A

Bilirubin

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13
Q

Increased blood flow associated with infection/ inflammation, itchiness

A

Redness

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14
Q

Other term for redness

A

Erythema

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15
Q

Most common causes/s for redness

A

Infection/ inflammation
Itchiness

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16
Q

Abnormal findings in terms of color

A
  1. Pallor
  2. Cyanosis
  3. Jaundice
  4. Redness/ Erythema
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17
Q

What are inspected in the nails?

A

Cleanliness
Nail color
Markings
Shape

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18
Q

What can be observed from a normal nail?

A

Thin, pinkish, has vertical markings

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19
Q

Appear as non-uniform white spots

A

Leukonychia

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20
Q

Most common cause/s of Leukonychia

A

Trauma
Vitamin deficiency

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21
Q

Transverse, white lines

A

Mee’s Lines

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22
Q

Most common cause/s for Mee’s Lines

A

Cancer
Chemotherapy
Arsenic poisoning

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23
Q

Discoloration, pitting, and changes in the structure of the nails

A

Psoriasis

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24
Q

Most common cause/s for psoriasis in the nails

A

Autoimmune problems

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25
Q

Psoriasis is the (1), (2), and changes in the (3) of the nails

A
  1. discoloration
  2. pitting
  3. structure
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26
Q

Functions as a natural defense attacking foreign objects

A

Autoimmune

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27
Q

Horizontal indentations across the nail

A

Beau’s lines

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28
Q

Most common cause/s for Beau’s lines

A

Serious illness
Trauma

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29
Q

Nails appear wider or swollen like an upsidedown spoon

A

Clubbing

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30
Q

Most common cause/s for clubbing

A

Heart and lung problems

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31
Q

Inflammation of proximal and lateral nail folds

A

Paronychia

32
Q

Most common cause/s for Paronychia

A

Bacterial infection

33
Q

Nail separates from its nail bed

A

Onycholysis

34
Q

Most common cause/s for onycholysis

A

Trauma

35
Q

Appearing washed out with a narrow brown or pink strip near the tip; Lunula can’t be seen

A

Terry’s nails

36
Q

Most common cause/s for terry’s nails

A

Diabetes
Liver disease

37
Q

Abnormal findings in the nails

A
  1. Leukonychia
  2. Mee’s Lines
  3. Psoriasis
  4. Beau’s Lines
  5. Clubbing
  6. Paronychia
  7. Onycholysis
  8. Terry’s Nails
38
Q

What can be examined in the hair?

A

Hair loss or unusual growth

39
Q

Partial or complete lack/loss of hairs

A

Alopecia

40
Q

Most common cause/s for alopecia

A

Genetics
Aging
Endocrine disorders
Chemotherapy
Skin lesions

41
Q

Thinning of hair; hair growth is slowed down

A

Sparse hair

42
Q

Most common cause/s for sparse hair

A
  1. Alopecia
  2. Sparse hair
43
Q

What can be examined in terms of skin lesions?

A

Any skin area that has different characteristics from the surrounding skin, including color, shape, size, and texture

44
Q

2 main categories of skin lesions

A
  1. Primary skin lesion
  2. Secondary skin lesion
45
Q

Differentiate primary and secondary skin lesions

A

Primary Skin Lesions arise from normal skin due to irritation or disease.

Secondary Skin Lesion arise from changes in primary lesions

46
Q

Small, flat, and non-palpable ( can’t be felt) skin color change

A

Macule and Patch

47
Q

Examples of Macule and Patch

A

Freckles, Flat mole, Vitiligo

48
Q

Differentiate macule and patch in terms of dimension

A

Macule: <1cm
Patch: >1cm

49
Q

Elevated, solid, palpable mass

A

Nodule and tumor

50
Q

Examples of Nodule and Tumor

A

Nodule: Lipoma
Tumor: Carcinoma

51
Q

Growth of faulty tissue

A

Lipoma

52
Q

Differentiate nodule and tumor in terms of dimension and margin

A

Nodule: 0.5-2cm; intact margin
Tumor: more than 1-2 cm; irregular margin

53
Q

Circumscribed, elevated, palpable mass containing serous fluid

A

Vesicle and Bulla

54
Q

Examples of Vesicle and Bulla

A

Chicken pox/ shingles
Burn blisters

55
Q

Differentiate vesicle and bulla in terms of dimension

A

Vesicle: Less than 0.5 cm
Bulla: More than 0.5 cm

56
Q

Pus-filled vesicle or bulla

A

Pustule

57
Q

A pustule is a pus-filled (1) or (2)

A
  1. vesicle
  2. bulla
58
Q

Examples of vesicle and bulla

A

Acne/ pimples

59
Q

Primary skin lesions

A
  1. Macule and Patch
  2. Nodule and Tumor
  3. Vesicle and Bulla
  4. Pustule
60
Q

Skin loss extending from the epidermis

A

Ulcer

61
Q

An open wound on the skin as a result of injury, poor circulation, or pressure

A

Skin ulcer

62
Q

Common cause/s of skin ulcer

A

Injury
Poor circulation
Pressure

63
Q

Skin mark left after healing of wound or lesion

A

Scars

64
Q

Secondary skin lesions

A
  1. Ulcer
  2. Scars
65
Q

Decreased moisture

A

Skin dryness

66
Q

Most common cause/s of skin dryness

A

Dehydration
Hypothyroidism

67
Q

Most common cause/s of oiliness

A

Hormonal imbalance
Stress
Environmental factors

68
Q

Body responds to stress by releasing (1) which means more (2) is pumped to the surface of the skin

A
  1. extra hormones
  2. sebum (oil)
69
Q

Heat changes can cause your skin’s — to increase

A

oil production

70
Q

How easily can the skin be pinched

A

Mobility

71
Q

Most common ause/s for decreased mobility

A

Edema

72
Q

Swelling of limbs as a result of fluid build-up

A

Edema

73
Q

What causes edema?

A

Fluid build-up

74
Q

Skin elasticity; how quickly the skin goes back to its original shape after pinching

A

Turgor

75
Q

Most common cause/s of decreased turgor

A

Dehydration

76
Q

How can dehydration be figured?

A
  • Less than 2 seconds: Moderate dehydration
  • More than 2 seconds: Severe dehydration
77
Q

If you’re dehydrated, the skin loses its — and it takes a while to return to normal

A

elasticity

0841L RAD TECH 112L (9 decks)

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