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112L > Lesson 6 | Midterm > Flashcards

Lesson 6 | Midterm Flashcards

Health Assessment

1
Q

Physical assessment of the skin, hair, and nails provides data that may reveal local (?) or systemic problems

A

Health assessment

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2
Q

General survey is the inspection and palpation on what areas?

A
  1. Color
  2. Nails
  3. Hair
  4. Skin lesion
  5. Skin moisture
  6. Mobility and turgor
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3
Q

Loss of color

A

Pallor

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4
Q

What range of color does pallor present?

A

Pale-ashen

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5
Q

Most common cause/s of pallor

A

Decreased blood supply, anemia

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6
Q

Bluish discoloration

A

Cyanosis

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7
Q

Most common cause/s of cyanosis

A

Cardiopulmonary problems
Vasoconstriction
Lack of O2 in the blood

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8
Q

This may also cause the reddish color in the skin

A

O2

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9
Q

Yellow skin tone

A

Jaundice

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10
Q

Most common cause/s of jaundice

A

Liver disease
Problems in gallbladder or pancreas

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11
Q

Waste product that causes yellow pigment of patients with jaundice

A

Bilirubin

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12
Q

From the breakdown of RBC and should be filtered by the liver

A

Bilirubin

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13
Q

Increased blood flow associated with infection/ inflammation, itchiness

A

Redness

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14
Q

Other term for redness

A

Erythema

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15
Q

Most common causes/s for redness

A

Infection/ inflammation
Itchiness

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16
Q

Abnormal findings in terms of color

A
  1. Pallor
  2. Cyanosis
  3. Jaundice
  4. Redness/ Erythema
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17
Q

What are inspected in the nails?

A

Cleanliness
Nail color
Markings
Shape

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18
Q

What can be observed from a normal nail?

A

Thin, pinkish, has vertical markings

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19
Q

Appear as non-uniform white spots

A

Leukonychia

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20
Q

Most common cause/s of Leukonychia

A

Trauma
Vitamin deficiency

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21
Q

Transverse, white lines

A

Mee’s Lines

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22
Q

Most common cause/s for Mee’s Lines

A

Cancer
Chemotherapy
Arsenic poisoning

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23
Q

Discoloration, pitting, and changes in the structure of the nails

A

Psoriasis

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24
Q

Most common cause/s for psoriasis in the nails

A

Autoimmune problems

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25
Psoriasis is the (1), (2), and changes in the (3) of the nails
1. discoloration 2. pitting 3. structure
26
Functions as a natural defense attacking foreign objects
Autoimmune
27
Horizontal indentations across the nail
Beau's lines
28
Most common cause/s for Beau's lines
Serious illness Trauma
29
Nails appear wider or swollen like an upsidedown spoon
Clubbing
30
Most common cause/s for clubbing
Heart and lung problems
31
Inflammation of proximal and lateral nail folds
Paronychia
32
Most common cause/s for Paronychia
Bacterial infection
33
Nail separates from its nail bed
Onycholysis
34
Most common cause/s for onycholysis
Trauma
35
Appearing washed out with a narrow brown or pink strip near the tip; Lunula can't be seen
Terry's nails
36
Most common cause/s for terry's nails
Diabetes Liver disease
37
Abnormal findings in the nails
1. Leukonychia 2. Mee's Lines 3. Psoriasis 4. Beau's Lines 5. Clubbing 6. Paronychia 7. Onycholysis 8. Terry's Nails
38
What can be examined in the hair?
Hair loss or unusual growth
39
Partial or complete lack/loss of hairs
Alopecia
40
Most common cause/s for alopecia
Genetics Aging Endocrine disorders Chemotherapy Skin lesions
41
Thinning of hair; hair growth is slowed down
Sparse hair
42
Most common cause/s for sparse hair
1. Alopecia 2. Sparse hair
43
What can be examined in terms of skin lesions?
Any skin area that has different characteristics from the surrounding skin, including color, shape, size, and texture
44
2 main categories of skin lesions
1. Primary skin lesion 2. Secondary skin lesion
45
Differentiate primary and secondary skin lesions
Primary Skin Lesions arise from normal skin due to irritation or disease. Secondary Skin Lesion arise from changes in primary lesions
46
Small, flat, and non-palpable ( can’t be felt) skin color change
Macule and Patch
47
Examples of Macule and Patch
Freckles, Flat mole, Vitiligo
48
Differentiate macule and patch in terms of dimension
Macule: <1cm Patch: >1cm
49
Elevated, solid, palpable mass
Nodule and tumor
50
Examples of Nodule and Tumor
Nodule: Lipoma Tumor: Carcinoma
51
Growth of faulty tissue
Lipoma
52
Differentiate nodule and tumor in terms of dimension and margin
Nodule: 0.5-2cm; intact margin Tumor: more than 1-2 cm; irregular margin
53
Circumscribed, elevated, palpable mass containing serous fluid
Vesicle and Bulla
54
Examples of Vesicle and Bulla
Chicken pox/ shingles Burn blisters
55
Differentiate vesicle and bulla in terms of dimension
Vesicle: Less than 0.5 cm Bulla: More than 0.5 cm
56
Pus-filled vesicle or bulla
Pustule
57
A pustule is a pus-filled (1) or (2)
1. vesicle 2. bulla
58
Examples of vesicle and bulla
Acne/ pimples
59
Primary skin lesions
1. Macule and Patch 2. Nodule and Tumor 3. Vesicle and Bulla 4. Pustule
60
Skin loss extending from the epidermis
Ulcer
61
An open wound on the skin as a result of injury, poor circulation, or pressure
Skin ulcer
62
Common cause/s of skin ulcer
Injury Poor circulation Pressure
63
Skin mark left after healing of wound or lesion
Scars
64
Secondary skin lesions
1. Ulcer 2. Scars
65
Decreased moisture
Skin dryness
66
Most common cause/s of skin dryness
Dehydration Hypothyroidism
67
Most common cause/s of oiliness
Hormonal imbalance Stress Environmental factors
68
Body responds to stress by releasing (1) which means more (2) is pumped to the surface of the skin
1. extra hormones 2. sebum (oil)
69
Heat changes can cause your skin’s --- to increase
oil production
70
How easily can the skin be pinched
Mobility
71
Most common ause/s for decreased mobility
Edema
72
Swelling of limbs as a result of fluid build-up
Edema
73
What causes edema?
Fluid build-up
74
Skin elasticity; how quickly the skin goes back to its original shape after pinching
Turgor
75
Most common cause/s of decreased turgor
Dehydration
76
How can dehydration be figured?
- Less than 2 seconds: Moderate dehydration - More than 2 seconds: Severe dehydration
77
If you’re dehydrated, the skin loses its --- and it takes a while to return to normal
elasticity

112L (9 decks)

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