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Anaphy > Lesson 2 Semi Final > Flashcards

Lesson 2 Semi Final Flashcards

(63 cards)

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1
Q

Elimination of waste products;

A

Nitrogenous wastes
Toxins
Drugs
Excess ions

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2
Q

Regulate aspects of homeostasis;

A

Water balance
Electrolytes
Acid-base balance in the blood
Blood pressure (renin)
Red blood cell production (erythropoietin)
Activation of vitamin D

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3
Q

Organs of the urinary system;

A

Kidneys
Ureters
Urinary bladder
Urethra

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4
Q

Against the dorsal body wall

A

Location of the kidneys

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5
Q

The right kidney is slightly lower than the left

A

Location of kidneys

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6
Q

Atop each kidney is an?

A

Adrenal gland

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7
Q

Surrounds each kidney

A

Renal capsule

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8
Q

The three protective layers enclose the kidney;

A

Fibrous capsule
Perirenal fat capsule
Renal fascia

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9
Q

Encloses each kidney

A

Fibrous capsule

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10
Q

Surround the kidney and cushions against blows

A

Perirenal fat capsule

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11
Q

The most superficial layer that anchors the kidney and adrenal gland to surrounding structures

A

Renal fascia

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12
Q

Provides protection to the kidney

A

Adipose capsule

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13
Q

Helps keep the kidney in its correct location

A

Adipose capsule

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14
Q

Triangular regions of tissue in the medulla

A

Medullary pyramids

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15
Q

Extensions of cortex ike material inward

A

Renal column

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16
Q

Cup-shaped structures that funnel urine towards the renal pelvis

A

Calyces

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17
Q

Coverings of the kidneys;

A

Renal capsule
Adipose capsule
Medullary pyramids
Renal column
Calyces

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18
Q

The structural and functional unit of the kidneys

A

Nephrons

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19
Q

Responsible for forming urine

A

Nephrons

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20
Q

Main structures of the nephrons;

A

Glomerulus
Renal tubule

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21
Q

A specialized capillary bed

A

Glomerulus

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22
Q

Glomerulus

Attached to arterioles on both sides (maintains high pressure);

A

Large afferent arteriole
Narrow efferent arteriole

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23
Q

Glomerular (Bowman’s) capsule

A

Renal tubule

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24
Q

Proximal convoluted tubule

A

Renal tubule

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25
Loop of Henle
Renal tubule
26
Distal convoluted tubule
Renal tubule
27
Types of nephrons;
Cortical nephrons Juxtamedullary nephrons
28
Located entirely in the cortex
Cortical nephrons
29
Includes most nephrons
Cortical nephrons
30
Found at the boundary of the cortex and medulla
Juxtamedullary nephrons
31
There are no segmental veins
Venous blood flow
32
Arise from an efferent arteriole of the glomerulus
Peritubular capillaries
33
Attached to a venule
Peritubular capillaries
34
Cling close to the renal tubule
Peritubular capillaries
35
Urine formation processes;
Filtration Reabsorption Secretion
36
Non selective passive process
Filtration
37
The peritubular capillaries reabsorb several materials
Reabsorption
38
reabsorb several materials;
Some water Glucose Amino acids Ions
39
Materials not reabsorb • Nitrogenous waste products;
Urea Uric acid Creatinine
40
Some materials move from the peritubular capillaries into the renal tubules;
Hydrogen and potassium ions Creatinine
41
In 24 hours, about how many liters of urine produced?
About 1.0 to 1.8 liters
42
Slender tubes attaching the kidney to the bladder
Ureters
43
Smooth collapsible muscular sac
Urinary bladder
44
Temporarily stores urine
Urinary bladder
45
Three openings
Trigone
46
Thin walled tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body by peristalsis
Urethra
47
Release of urine is controlled by two sphincter;
Internal urethral sphincter (involuntary) External urethral sphincter (voluntary)
48
Urethra gender differences • Length Females-
3-4 cm (1 inch)
49
Urethra gender differences • Length Male-
20 cm (8 inches)
50
Urethra gender differences • Location - along wall of the vagina
Female
51
Urethra gender differences • Location - through the prostate and penis
Males
52
Only carries urine
Females
53
Carries urine and is a passageway of sperm cells
Males
54
Both sphincter muscles must open to allow voiding
Micturition (Voiding)
55
Normal amount of water in human body *Young adults females:
50%
56
Normal amount of water in human body *Young adults males:
60%
57
Normal amount of water in human body * Babies:
75%
58
Normal amount of water in human body *Old age:
45%
59
pH above 7.45
Alkalosis
60
pH below 7.35
Acidosis
61
Other acid- base controlling system;
Blood buffers Respiration
62
Molecules react to prevent dramatic changes in hydrogen ion (H+) concentrations
Blood buffers
63
Three major chemical buffer systems;
Bicarbonate buffer system Phosphate buffer system Protein buffer system

Anaphy (9 decks)

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