Lesson 3 (Semi Final) Flashcards
(141 cards)
1
Q
Primary sex organs
A
Gonads
2
Q
Male gametes
A
Sperm
3
Q
Female gametes
A
Ova (eggs)
4
Q
Anatomy of the Male reproductive system;
A
• Testes
• Duct System
• Accessory Organs
• External Genitalia
5
Q
Duct System;
A
• Epididymis
• Ductus (vas) Deferens
• Urethra
6
Q
Accessory Organs;
A
• Seminal Glands
• Prostate
• Bulbourethral Glands
7
Q
Accessory Organs;
A
• Seminal Glands
• Prostate
• Bulbourethral Glands
8
Q
External Genitalia;
A
• Penis
• Scrotum
9
Q
Connected to the trunk via the spermatic cord
A
Testes
10
Q
Testes:
which houses;
A
• Blood Vessels
• Nerves
• Ductus Deferens
11
Q
Coverings of the Testes;
A
• Tunica albuginea
• Septa
12
Q
Capsule that surrounds each testis
A
Tunica albuginea
13
Q
Extensions of the capsule that extend into the testis and divide it into lobules
A
Septa
14
Q
Transports sperm from the body
A
Duct System
15
Q
Highly convoluted tube 6 m (20 ft) long
A
Epididymis
16
Q
First part of the male duct system
A
Epididymis
17
Q
Found along the posterior lateral side of the testis
A
Epididymis
18
Q
Runs from the epididymis via the spermatic cord through the inguinal canal and arches over the urinary bladder
A
Ductus (vas) Deferens
19
Q
End of the ductus deferens, which empties into the ejaculatory duct
A
Ampulla
20
Q
Passes through the prostate to merge with the urethra
A
Ejaculatory duct
21
Q
Moves sperm by peristalsis into the urethra
A
Ductus deferens
22
Q
Smooth muscle in the walls of the ductus deferens create peristaltic waves to squeeze sperm forward
A
Ejaculation
23
Q
Cutting of the ductus deferens at the level of the testes prevents transportation of sperm (form of birth control)
A
Vasectomy
24
Q
Extends from the base of the urinary bladder to the tip of the penis
A
Urethra
25
Carries both urine and sperm
Urethra
26
Sperm enters from the ejaculatory duct
Urethra
27
Urethra regions;
1. Prostatic
2. Membranous urethra
3. Spongy (penile) urethra
28
Surrounded by prostate gland
Prostatic urethra
29
Prostatic urethra to penis
Membranous urethra
30
Runs the length of the penis to the external urethral orifice
Spongy (penile) urethra
31
Accessory glands and Semen;
• Seminal Vesicles
• Prostate
• Bulbourethral Glands
32
Located at the base of the bladder
Seminal Vesicles
33
Produce a thick, yellowish secretion (60%) that contains;
• Fructose
• Vitamin C
• Prostaglandins
• Other substances that nourish and activate sperm
34
Encircles the upper (prostatic) part of the urethra
Prostate
35
Secretes milky fluid
Prostate
36
Pea-sized glands inferior to the prostate
Bulbourethral Glands
37
Produce a thick, clear mucus
Bulbourethral Glands
38
Milky white mixture of sperm and accessory glands secretion
Semen
39
External Genitalia;
Scrotum
Penis
40
Viable sperm cannot be produced at normal body temperature
Scrotum
41
Maintains how many Celsius lower than normal body temperature?
3°C
42
Male organ of copulation that delivers sperm into the female reproductive tract
Penis
43
Regions of the penis;
• Shaft
• Glans Penis (enlarged tip)
• Prepuce (foreskin)
44
Chief roles of the male in the reproductive process;
* Produce Sperm
* Produce a hormone, testosterone
45
Begins at puberty and continues throughout life
Sperm production
46
Each division of spermatogonium stem cell produces;
* Type A daughter cells
* Type B daughter cells
47
A stem cell, continues the stem cell population
Type A daughter cell
48
Which becomes a primary spermatocyte, destined to undergo meiosis and form four sperm
Type B daughter cell
49
Special type of nuclear division that differs from mitosis
Meiosis
50
Occurs in the Gonads
Meiosis
51
Includes two successive divisions of the nucleus
Meiosis I and II
52
Results in four daughter cells
Gametes
53
Gametes are spermatids with how many chromosomes?
23
54
Union of the sperm with an egg
23 chromosomes, n
55
Creates a zygote
2n or 43 chromosomes
56
Spermatids are nonmotile and not functional as sperm
Spermiogenesis
57
A streamlining process is needed to strip excess cytoplasm from a spermatid and modify it into a sperm
Spermiogenesis
58
A sperm has three regions;
Head
Midpiece
Tail
59
Acrosome sits anterior to the sperm head
Nucleus
60
The entire process of spermatogenesis, including spermiogenesis, takes how many days?
64 to 72 days
61
Testerone Production:
• During Puberty;
Follicle stimulating hormone
Luteinizing hormone
62
Begins prodding seminiferous tubules to produce sperm
Follicle stimulating hormone
63
Begins activating the interstitial cells to produce testosterone
Luteinizing hormone
64
Most important hormonal product of the testes
Testosterone
65
Underlies sex drive
Testosterone
66
Causes secondary sex characteristics;
* Deepening of voice
* Increased hair growth
* Enlargement of skeletal muscles
* Increased bone growth and density
67
Anatomy of the female reproductive system;
* Ovaries
* Duct System
* External Genitalia
68
Produce eggs (ova) and hormones (estrogen and progesterone)
Ovaries
69
Each ovary houses ovarian follicles consisting of;
Oocyte
Follicle cells
70
Immature egg
Oocyte
71
Layers of different cells that surround the oocyte
Follicle cells
72
Contain an immature oocyte
Primary follicle
73
Growing follicle with a maturing oocyte
Vesicular (Graafian) follicle
74
The follicle ruptures when the egg is mature and ready to be ejected from the ovary, occurs about 28 days
Ovulation
75
Transformed into a corpus luteum
Ruptured follicle
76
Anatomy of the female reproductive system:
• Duct System;
* Uterine (fallopian) Tubes
* Uterus
* Vagina
77
From the initial part of the duct system
Uterine (fallopian) Tubes
78
Receive the ovulated oocyte from the ovaries
Uterine (fallopian) tubes
79
Uterine (fallopian) tube structure:
*Infundibulum
* Fimbriae
80
Distal, funnel shaped end
Infundibulum
81
Finger like projections of the infundibulum
Fimbriae
82
Situated between the urinary bladder and rectum
Uterus
83
Size and shape of a pear, in a woman who has never been pregnant
Uterus
84
Receives, retains nourishes a fertilized egg
Uterus
85
Regions of the uterus;
* Body
* Fundus
* Cervix
86
Main Portion
Body
87
Superior rounded region above where uterine tube enters
Fundus
88
Narrow outlet that protrudes into the vagina
Cervix
89
Layers of the uterus;
* Endometrium
* Myometrium
* Perimetrium
90
Inner layer (mucosa
Endometrium
91
The middle layer of smooth muscle that contracts during labor
Myometrium
92
The outermost serous layer of the uterus
Perimetrium
93
Passageway that extends from cervix to exterior of the body and is located between urinary and rectum
Vagina
94
Serve as a canal that allows baby or menstrual flow to leave the body
Vagina
95
Partially closes the vagina until it is ruptured
Hymen
96
The female external Genitalia, or vulva includes;
* mons pubis
* Labia
* Clitoris
* Urethral orifice
* Vaginal orifice
* Greater vestibular glands
97
Fatty area overlying the pubic symphysis
Mons pubis
98
Covered with hair after puberty
Mons pubis
99
Skin folds
Labia
100
Hair covered skin folds
Labia majora
101
Enclose the labia minora
Labia majora
102
Delicate, hair free folds of skin
Labia minora
103
Enclosed by labia majora
Vestibule
104
Contains external openings of the urethra and vagina
Vestibule
105
One is found on each side of the vagina
Greater vestibular glands
106
Contains erectile tissue
Clitoris
107
Corresponds to male penis
Clitoris
108
Diamond shaped region between the anterior ends of the labial folds, anus posteriorly, and ischial tuberosities laterally
Perineum
109
The process of producing ova (eggs)
Oogenesis
110
Female stem cells found in a developing fetus
Oogonia
111
Inactive until puberty
Primary oocyte
112
Produces four functional sperm
Males
113
Produces one functional ovum and three tiny polar bodies
Females
114
Tiny, motile and equipped with nutrients in seminal fluid
Sperm
115
Large, is non-motile and has nutrient reserves to nourish the embryo until implantation
Egg
116
HORMONE PRODUCTION BY THE OVARIES
Produce by follicle cells
Estrogens
117
HORMONE PRODUCTION BY THE OVARIES
Produced by the corpus luteum
Progesterone
118
Stages of the menstrual cycle;
* Menstrual phase
* Proliferative stage
* Secretory stage
119
Present in both sexes, but function only in females
Mammary Glands
120
Parts of the mammary glands;
* Areola
* Nipple
* Lobes
* Lobules
* Alveolar glands
* Lactiferous ducts
* Lactiferous sinus
121
Central pigmented area
Areola
122
Protruding central area of areola
Nipple
123
Internal structures that radiate around nipple
Lobes
124
Located within each lobe and contain clusters of alveolar glands
Lobules
125
Produce milk when a woman is lactating (producing milk)
Alveolar glands
126
Connect alveolar glands to nipple
Lactiferous ducts
127
Dilated portion where milk accumulates
Lactiferous sinus
128
X-ray examination that detects breast cancers too small to feel
Mammography
129
Often signaled by a change in skin texture, puckering, or leakage from the nipple
Breast cancer
130
Time from fertilization until infant is born
Pregnancy
131
Developing offspring
Conceptus
132
Period of time from fertilization until week 8
Embryo
133
Week 9 until birth
Fetus
134
From the date of the last period until birth (approximately 280 days)
Gestation period
135
First cell of a new individual
Zygote
136
The result of the fusion of DNA from sperm and egg
Zygote
137
Rapid series of mitotic divisions that begins with the zygote
Cleavage
138
Hollow, ball-like structure of 100 cells or more
Blastocyst (Chorionic vesicle)
139
Functional areas of the blastocyst;
* Trophoblast
* Inner cell mass
140
Large fluid-filled sphere
Trophoblast
141
Cluster of cells to one side
Inner cell mass
