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Anaphy > Lesson (Final) > Flashcards

Lesson (Final) Flashcards

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1
Q

Nervous system classifications are based on!

A
  • Structures (structural classification)
  • Activities ( functional classification)
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2
Q

Structural Classification:

A
  • Central Nervous system (CNS)
  • Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
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3
Q

Organs of the Central Nervous system:

A
  • Brain
  • Spinal cord
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4
Q

Function of the Central Nervous system:

A
  • Integration
  • Interprets
  • Issues
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5
Q

command center

A

Integration

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6
Q

Incoming sensory information

A

Interprets

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7
Q

Outgoing instructions

A

Issues

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8
Q

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Nerves extending from the brain and spinal cord:

A

*Spinal nerves
*Cranial nerves

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9
Q

Carry impulses to and from the spinal cord

A

Spinal nerves

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10
Q

Carry impulses to and from the brain

A

Cranial nerves

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11
Q

Function:
Serve as communication lines among sensory organs, the brain cord and glands or muscles

A

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

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12
Q

Functional classification:

A

*Sensory (afferent) division
* Motor (efferent) division

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13
Q

Nerve fiber that carry information to the central Nervous system

A

Sensory (afferent) division

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14
Q

Two sensory in the Sensory (afferent) division:

A
  • Somatic Sensory
  • Visceral sensory
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15
Q

Fibers carry information from the skin, skeletal muscles, and joints

A

Somatic Sensory

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16
Q

Fibers carry information from visceral organs

A

Visceral sensory

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17
Q

Nerve fibers that carry impulses away from the central nervous system organs to effector organs (muscles and glands)

A

Motor (efferent) division

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18
Q

Two subdivisions of the motor division:

A
  • Somatic Nervous system
  • Autonomic nervous system
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19
Q

Subdivisions of the Motor division:

Voluntary

A

Somatic Nervous system

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20
Q

Subdivisions of the Motor division:

Involuntary

A

Autonomic nervous system

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21
Q

Consciously (voluntarily) controls skeletal muscle

A

Somatic nervous system

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22
Q

Automatically controls smooth and cardiac muscles and glands

A

Autonomic nervous system

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23
Q

Autonomic nervous system further divided into:

A
  • Sympathetic
  • Parasympathetic
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24
Q

Support cells in the CNS are grouped together as?

A

Neuroglia

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25
General functions of neuroglia:
* Support * Insulate * Protect neurons
26
Nervous tissue is made up of two principal cell types:
* Supporting cells (called neuroglia, glial cells, or glia * Neurons
27
CNS glial cells:
*astrocytes * Microglia * Ependymal cells * Oligodendrocytes
28
Abundant, star- shaped cells
Astrocytes
29
The most abundant and versatile neuroglia
Astrocytes
30
Spiderlike phagocytes
Microglia
31
Dispose of debris
Microglia
32
Lines cavities of the brain and spinal cord
Ependymal cells
33
Cilia assists with circulation of cerebrospinal fluid
Ependymal cells
34
Wrap around nerve fibers in the central nervous system
Oligodendrocytes
35
Produce myelin sheaths
Oligodendrocytes
36
Functions of the nervous system:
* Sensory Input * Integration * Motor output
37
Gathering information
Sensory input
38
Sensory receptors monitor changes called stimuli, occurring inside and outside the body
Sensory input
39
Nervous system processes and interprets sensory input and decides whether action is needed
Integration
40
A response, or effect, activated muscles or glands
Motor output
41
White, fatty material covering axons
Myelin
42
Wrap axons in a jelly roll like fashion (PNS) to form the myelin sheath
Schwann cells
43
Two types of schwann cells:
* Neurilemma * Nodes of Ranvier
44
Part of the schwann cells external to the myelin sheath
Neurilemma
45
Gaps in myelin sheath along the axon
Nodes of Ranvier
46
Produce myelin sheaths around axons of the CNS
Oligodendrocytes
47
Lack neurilemma
Oligodendrocytes
48
Types of terminology:
* nuclei * Ganglia * Tracts * Nerves * White matter * Gray matter
49
Clusters of the bodies in the CNS
Nuclei
50
Collections of cell bodies outside the CNS in the PNS
Ganglia
51
Bundles of nerve fibers in the CNS
Tracts
52
Bundles of nerve fibers in the PNS
Nerves
53
Collections of myelinated fibers (tracts)
White matter
54
Mostly unmyelinated fibers and cell bodies
Gray matter
55
Structural Classification:
* multipolar neurons * Bipolar neurons * Unipolar neurons
56
Based on the number of processes extending from the cell body
Structural Classification
57
Many extensions from the cell body
Multipolar neurons
58
Most common structural type
Multipolar neurons
59
Have a short single process leaving the cell body
Unipolar
60
Functional properties of neurons:
* irritability * Conductivity
61
Ability to respond to a stimulus and convert it to a nerve impulse
Irritability
62
Ability to transmit the impulse to other neurons muscles or glands
Conductivity
63
is the major positive ion inside the cell
K+
64
is the major positive ion outside the cell
Na+
65
Membrane permeability changes again —becoming impermeable to sodium ions and permeable to potassium ion
Repolarization
66
Involves restoring the inside of the membrane to a negative charge and the outer surface to a positive charge
Repolarization
67
PNS glial cells:
* Schwann cells * Satellite cells
68
Form myelin sheath around nerve fibers in the PNS
Schwann cells
69
Protect and cushion neuron cell bodies
Satellite cells
70
Nerve cells
Neurons
71
Cells specialized in transmit messages (nerve impulses)
Neurons
72
Major regions of all neurons:
* cell body * Processes
73
Nucleus and metabolic center of the cell
Cell body
74
Fiber that extend from the cell body
Processes
75
Metabolic center of the neuron
Cell body
76
Types of cell body:
* Nucleus * Nissl bodies * Neurofibrils
77
with large nucleolus
Nucleus
78
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Nissl bodies
79
Intermediate filaments that maintain cell shape
Neurofibrils
80
are rapid, predictable, and involuntary responses to stimuli
Reflexes
81
Reflexes occur over neural pathways called?
Reflex arcs
82
Two types of reflexes:
* Somatic Reflexes * Autonomic Reflexes
83
4 types of processes (fiber):
* Dendrites * Axons * Synaptic cleft * Synapse
84
Conduct impulses toward the cell body
Dendrites
85
Conduct impulses away from the cell body
Axons
86
Gap between axon terminals and the next neuron
Synaptic cleft
87
Functional junction between nerves where a nerve impulse is transmitted
Synapse

Anaphy (9 decks)

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