Lesson 28 Review Flashcards
(151 cards)
1
Q
The gerundive is a ____ ____ ____.
As a ____ it expresses action and may be modified by adverbs and adverbial phrases.
As an ____ it agrees with a noun or noun-equivalent.
Grammar
A
The gerundive is a PASSIVE VERBAL ADJECTIVE.
As a VERB it expresses action and may be modified by adverbs and adverbial phrases.
As an ADJECTIVE it agrees with a noun or noun-equivalent.
2
Q
The gerundive has two general uses.
The first use is as an attribute adjective in the oblique cases. In this use it directly modifies a noun and has the meaning of:
a. a ____ ____ participle
b. a ____ ____ participle
Grammar
A
The gerundive has two general uses.
The first use is as an attribute adjective in the oblique cases. In this use it directly modifies a noun and has the meaning of:
a. a present passive participle
b. a future passive participle
ponte faciendо̄
by building a bridge
(Lit.: by a bridge being built)
dē ponte faciendо̄
about building a bridge
(Lit.: about a bridge to be built)
3
Q
1. Translate literally and normally; 2. Explain the italicized words
Caesar in bellīs cо̄nficiendīs celer erat.
Exercise
MODEL: Haec fuit ratiо̄ bellī gerendī.
This was the plan of (for) waging the war.
(Literally, This was the plan of the war to-be-waged.
[Explanation: Gerendī is the genitive neuter singular of the gerundive of gerо̄; it modifies and agrees with bellī, which depends on ratiо̄.]
A
Caesar was swift in wars being-finished (in bringing wars to an end). (Cо̄nficiendīs, attrib. gerundive modifying bellīs, abl. w. in.)
4
Q
Translate:
By burning the grain they tried to force the Romans to withdraw from Gaul.
Exercise
MODEL: They were desirous of capturing the city.
Change to: They were desirous of the city to-be-captured.
Urbis capiendae cupidī erant.
A
Frūmentо̄ incendendо̄ cо̄gere Rо̄mānо̄s ex Galliā sē recipere cо̄nātī sunt.
5
Q
Credo in unum Deum.
Review
A
I believe in one God.
6
Q
Arma virumque cano.
Review
A
I sing of arms and a man.
—Virgil
7
Q
hiberna -orum n.
Review
hibernate
A
winter quarters
noun
8
Q
insídiae -arum f.
Review
insidious
A
plot, ambush
noun
9
Q
castra -orum n.
Review
A
camp
noun
10
Q
angústiae -arum f.
Review
anguish
A
narrow place, difficulties
noun
11
Q
impedimenta -orum n.
Review
impediment
A
baggage, baggage train
noun
12
Q
arma -orum n.
Review
alarm
A
arms, weapons
noun
13
Q
Honor virtutis praémium.
Review
A
Esteem is the reward of virtue.
14
Q
mors mortis f. (i-stem)
Review
mortal
A
death
noun
15
Q
caedes caedis f. (i-stem)
Review
A
slaughter
noun
16
Q
ácies aciei f.
Review
A
battle line
noun
17
Q
virtus virtutis f.
Review
virtuous
A
courage, virtue
noun
18
Q
salus salutis f.
Review
salutary
A
safety, welfare, salvation
noun
19
Q
murus -i m.
Review
mural
A
wall
noun
20
Q
númerus -i m.
Review
enumerate
A
number
noun
21
Q
glória -ae f.
Review
glorify
A
fame, glory
noun
22
Q
princeps príncipis m.
Review
principate
A
chief, leading man
noun
23
Q
Bella gerant álii!
Review
A
Let others wage war!
—Ovid
24
Q
mília mílium n. w/gen.
Review
A
thousands
noun
25
auxília -orum n.
| **Review**
## Footnote
auxiliaries
reinforcements
| noun
26
fines fínium m. *(i-stem)*
| **Review**
territory
| noun
27
eques équitis m.
| **Review**
## Footnote
equestrian
horseman
| noun
28
cópiae -arum f.
| **Review**
troops, forces
| noun
29
finis finis m.
| **Review**
## Footnote
finish
boundary, end
| noun
30
lítterae -arum f.
| **Review**
letter (epistle), dispatch
| noun
31
cópia -ae f.
| **Review**
## Footnote
copious
abundance, supply
| noun
32
équites équitum m.
| **Review**
cavalry
| noun
33
líttera -ae f.
| **Review**
## Footnote
literal, literary
letter (alphabet)
| noun
34
We have seen that purpose can be expressed by clauses introduced by ____ , ____, or a relative pronoun.
| **Grammar**
We have seen that purpose can be expressed by clauses introduced by **ut (nē), quо̄,** or a relative pronoun.
## Footnote
**Vēnit ut Rо̄mam videret.**
*He came that he might see Rome.*
*He came to see Rome.*
35
The ____ and ____ may be used with **ad** or **causā** to express ____.
| **Grammar**
The GERUND and GERUNDIVE may be used with **ad** or **causā** to express PURPOSE.
## Footnote
*They came to talk.*
***Ad loquendum* vēnērunt.**
***Loquendī causā* vēnērunt.**
*He came to see Rome.*
***Ad Rо̄mam videndam* vēnit.**
***Rо̄mae videndae causā* vēnit.**
36
# *Translate:*
Equitēs ad explorandum saepe missī sunt.
| **Exercise**
## Footnote
**MODEL: Equitēs ad agrо̄s vastandо̄s mīsit.**
*He sent the cavalry to ravage the fields.*
(Literally, *He sent the cavalry for the fields to-be-ravaged.*)
The cavalry was often sent to reconnoiter.
37
# *Translate, using a gerund or gerundive to express purpose:*
Christ came to help all men.
| **Exercise**
## Footnote
**MODEL:** *They came to capture the city.*
Change to: *They came for the city to-be-captured.*
**Ad urbem capiendam vēnērunt.**
or: *They came for the sake of the city to-be-captured.*
**Urbis capiendae causā vēnērunt.**
Chrīstus ad omnēs hominēs adjuvandо̄s vēnit.
38
# *Translate:*
The Romans forbade Caesar to lead his men into Italy.
| **Exercise**
Rо̄mānī vetuērunt Caesarem suо̄s in Italiam dūcere.
39
in médias res
| **Review**
into the middle of things
—Horace
40
últimus -a -um
| **Review**
## Footnote
ultimate
farthest, most remote, last
| adj.
41
summus -a -um
| **Review**
## Footnote
summit
highest, greatest, very great
| adj.
42
réliquus -a -um
| **Review**
## Footnote
relinquish
remaining, the rest of
| adj.
43
firmus -a -um
| **Review**
## Footnote
firm
vigorous, solid, steadfast
| adj.
44
cómmodus -a -um
| **Review**
## Footnote
commodious
convenient, comfortable
| adj.
45
adversus -a -um *w/dat.*
| **Review**
## Footnote
adverse
unfavorable, facing (towards)
| adj.
46
próximus -a -um *w/dat.*
| **Review**
## Footnote
approximate
nearest, next (to)
| adj.
47
extremus -a -um
| **Review**
outermost, extreme, last
| adj.
48
cavus -a -um
| **Review**
## Footnote
cave
hollow
| adj.
49
médius -a -um
| **Review**
## Footnote
medial
middle (of)
| adj.
50
egrégius -a -um
| **Review**
distinguished
| adj.
51
amplus -a -um
| **Review**
## Footnote
ample
spacious, splendid
| adj.
52
Quid Romae fáciam?
| **Review**
What should I do in Rome?
—Juvenal
53
verto -ere verti versus
| **Review**
## Footnote
vortex
to turn
| verb
54
lego -ere lēgi lectus
| **Review**
## Footnote
lecture
to read
| verb
55
defendo -ere defendi defensus
| **Review**
## Footnote
defendant
to defend
| verb
56
ascendo -ere ascendi ascensus
| **Review**
## Footnote
ascend
to climb up
| verb
57
pando -ere pandi passus
| **Review**
to spread, expand
| verb
58
incendo -ere incendi incensus
| **Review**
## Footnote
incendiary, incense
to set fire to, burn
| verb
59
contendo -ere contendi -- *w/infin.*
| **Review**
to strive, hasten, contend
| verb
60
occido -ere occidi occisus
| **Review**
to cut down, kill
| verb
61
emo -ere ēmi emptus
| **Review**
## Footnote
redeem, Caveat Emptor
to buy
| verb
62
bibo -ere bibi bíbitus
| **Review**
## Footnote
beverage, imbibe
to drink
| verb
63
Nunc Dimittis
| **Review**
Now you dismiss
64
cólloco (1)
| **Review**
## Footnote
collocate, couch
place, station
| verb
65
accómmodo (1)
| **Review**
## Footnote
accommodate, accommodation
to adapt to
| verb
66
conservo (1)
| **Review**
## Footnote
conserve
to preserve, spare
| verb
67
appropinquo (1)
*w/ad or w/dat.*
| **Review**
to approach, draw near to
| verb
68
convénio -ire convēni conventus
| **Review**
## Footnote
convene, convention
to come together, assemble
| verb
69
cómparo (1)
| **Review**
## Footnote
compare
to get ready, prepare
| verb
70
confirmo (1)
| **Review**
## Footnote
confirm, confirmation
to encourage, strengthen
| verb
71
administro (1)
| **Review**
## Footnote
administrate
to govern, manage, attend to
| verb
72
dimitto -ere dimisi dimissus
| **Review**
to send away, dismiss
| verb
73
ádjuvo adjuvare adjuvi adjutus
| **Review**
## Footnote
adjutant
to help, aid
| verb
74
sustíneo -ēre sustínui sustentus
| **Review**
to sustain, withstand
| verb
75
id est (i.e.)
| **Review**
that is
76
obtíneo -ēre obtínui obtentus
| **Review**
## Footnote
obtain
to hold, occupy
| verb
77
pertíneo -ēre pertínui -- *w/ad*
| **Review**
## Footnote
pertinent
to pertain to, stretch to
| verb
78
cómpleo -ēre complevi completus *w/abl.*
| **Review**
## Footnote
complete
to fill (with)
| verb
79
commóveo -ēre commovi commotus
| **Review**
## Footnote
commotion
to alarm, arouse
| verb
80
retíneo -ēre retínui retentus
| **Review**
## Footnote
rein, retain
to hold back, keep
| verb
81
contíneo -ēre contínui contentus
| **Review**
## Footnote
contain
to restrain, hold in
| verb
82
absum abesse áfui afuturus *w/a (ab)*
| **Review**
to be away, be absent
| verb
83
tribunus -i m.
| **Review**
## Footnote
tribunal
tribune
| noun
84
núntius -i m.
| **Review**
## Footnote
nuncio
messenger, message
| noun
85
# *Translate:*
He sent two cohorts *in* order to ward off the enemy.
| **Exercise**
## Footnote
(Study the meaning of *in* carefully before translating.)
Ad hostēs prohibendо̄s duo cohortēs mīsit.
86
Ave atque vale.
| **Review**
Hail and farewell.
—Catullus
87
inquit
| **Review**
he/she said (introduces a direct quote)
| verb
88
in princípio
| **Review**
in the beginning
| expression
89
ave!
| **Review**
hail!
| interj.
90
primā luce
| **Review**
at dawn
| expression
91
a tergo
| **Review**
in/from the rear
| expression
92
vehementer
| **Review**
greatly, violently
| adv.
93
in saécula saeculorum
| **Review**
forever, world without end
| expression
94
a fronte
| **Review**
in/from the front
| expression
95
úndique
| **Review**
from/on all sides
| adv.
96
neque
| **Review**
nor, and ... not
| conj.
97
neque ... neque
| **Review**
neither ... nor
| conj.
98
atque (ac)
| **Review**
and
| conj.
99
nam
| **Review**
for
| conj.
100
Quod Erat Demonstrandum (QED)
| **Review**
which was to be shown
101
qui quae quod
cujus cujus cujus
cui cui cui
quem quam quod
quo quā quo
| **Review**
relative (singular)
| pronoun
102
qui quae quae
quorum quarum quorum
quibus quibus quibus
quos quas quae
quibus quibus quibus
| **Review**
relative (plural)
| pronoun
103
vero *(postpositive)*
| **Review**
in truth, but
| adv.
104
usque
| **Review**
all the way
| adv.
105
rursus
| **Review**
again
| adv.
106
qui quae quod
*(relative pronoun)*
| **Review**
who, which, that
| pronoun
107
statim
| **Review**
at once, immediately
| adv.
108
primum
| **Review**
first
| adv.
109
satis
| **Review**
enough, sufficiently
| adv.
110
praetérea
| **Review**
besides, furthermore
| adv.
111
omnino
| **Review**
altogether, at all, in all
| adv.
112
clam
| **Review**
secretly
| adv.
113
at
| **Review**
but
| conj.
114
última rátio regum
| **Review**
the last resort of kings
115
eidem eaedem éadem
eorundem earundem eorundem
eisdem eisdem eisdem
eosdem easdem éadem
eisdem eisdem eisdem
| **Review**
the same (plural)
| pronoun
116
īdem éadem idem
ejusdem ejusdem ejusdem
eidem eidem eidem
eundam eandem idem
eodem eādem eodem
| **Review**
the same (singular)
| pronoun
117
timor timoris m.
| **Review**
## Footnote
timorous
fear
| noun
118
munítio munitionis f.
| **Review**
## Footnote
munitions
fortification
| noun
119
régio regionis f.
| **Review**
region
| noun
120
mens mentis f. *(i-stem)*
| **Review**
## Footnote
mental
mind
| noun
121
īdem éadem idem
| **Review**
same
| adj.
122
rátio rationis f.
| **Review**
## Footnote
ratio
reason, manner
| noun
123
custos custodis m.
| **Review**
## Footnote
custodian
guard
| noun
124
causa -ae f.
| **Review**
cause
| noun
125
natura -ae f.
| **Review**
## Footnote
natural
nature
| noun
126
senténtia -ae f.
| **Review**
## Footnote
sentence
opinion, vote
| noun
127
mora -ae f.
| **Review**
## Footnote
demur
delay
| noun
128
quis quid
cujus cujus
cui cui
quem quid
quo quo
| **Review**
interrogative (singular)
| pronoun
129
quis quid
| **Review**
who? what?
| pronoun
130
peto -ere petivi petitus
| **Review**
## Footnote
petition
to seek, beg, request
| verb
131
pervénio -ire pervēni perventus
*w/in or ad (both w/acc.)*
| **Review**
## Footnote
parvenu
to arrive
| verb
132
cognosco -ere cognovi cógnitus
| **Review**
## Footnote
cognition, cognitive
to learn, find out
| verb
133
quaero quaérere quaesivi quaesitus
| **Review**
## Footnote
query
to seek, ask
| verb
134
cerno -ere crevi --
| **Review**
## Footnote
concern
to distinguish, see
| verb
135
Quis custódiet ipsos custodes?
| **Review**
Who will guard the guards themselves?
—Juvenal
136
vasto (1)
| **Review**
## Footnote
devastate
to lay waste, ravage
| verb
137
íncito (1)
| **Review**
to incite, arouse
| verb
138
probo (1)
| **Review**
## Footnote
probable, probation
to approve, prove
| verb
139
expugno (1)
| **Review**
to storm, take by storm
| verb
140
qui quae quae
quorum quarum quorum
quibus quibus quibus
quos quas quae
quibus quibus quibus
| **Review**
interrogative (plural)
| pronoun
141
paco (1)
| **Review**
## Footnote
pay
to pacify
| verb
142
hora -ae f.
| **Review**
hour
| noun
143
Non oratorem, non senatorem, sed piscatorem
| **Review**
Not an orator, nor a senator, but a fisherman
—St. Augustine of Hippo
144
qui quae quod
*(interrogative adjective)*
| **Review**
what? which?
| adj.
145
discedo -ere discessi --
| **Review**
to depart, withdraw
| verb
146
relinquo relínquere reliqui relictus
| **Review**
## Footnote
relinquish
to leave, leave behind
| verb
147
ostendo -ere ostendi ostentus
| **Review**
## Footnote
ostensible, ostentatious
to show
| verb
148
magnitudo magnitúdinis f.
| **Review**
## Footnote
magnitude
size, greatness
| noun
149
constítuo -túere constítui constitutus *w/infin.*
| **Review**
## Footnote
constitute
to place, set up, decide, determine
| verb
150
vigília -ae f.
| **Review**
## Footnote
vigil
watch
| noun
151
nemo néminis m.
| **Review**
no one
| noun
