Lesson 27 Review Flashcards
(171 cards)
perspiciо̄, perspicere, perspexī, perspectus, 3, tr.; acc. w. infin.
Vocabulary
view, inspect, perceive
morior, morī, mortuus sum, 3, intr.
Vocabulary
die
How is the GERUNDIVE formed?
Grammar
The GERUNDIVE is formed by substituting us, a, um, etc., for the case ending of the gerund.
Deponent verbs have a gerundive that is ____ in both ____ and ____.
Grammar
Deponent verbs have a gerundive that is PASSIVE in both FORM and MEANING.
When the gerund would have an ____ ____ the gerundive construction is generally used instead of the gerund.
Grammar
When the gerund would have an ACCUSATIVE OBJECT the gerundive construction is generally used instead of the gerund.
EXAMPLE: They are desirous of seeing the city.
The gerund construction would be: Urbem videndī cupidī sunt. Since the urbem would be an accusative object the construction is changed to the gerundive as follows:
1. The accusative object is put in the case of the gerund.
Urbis (The gerund videndī is genitive.)
2. The gerundive is made to agree with it.
Urbis videndae
The complete sentence now is:
Urbis videndae cupidī sunt.
(Lit.: They are eager for the city to-be-seen.)
They are desirous of seeing the city.
They are eager to see the city.
The gerundive construction should always be used when the gerund with an object would be in which case or follow what part of speech?
Grammar
The gerundive construction should always be used when the gerund with an object would be in the dative or would follow a preposition.
Ad urbem videndam vēnit.
He came to see the city.
(The gerund would be: ad urbem videndum, which should never be used.)
The gerundive construction after which words is a common way of expressing purpose?
Grammar
The gerundive construction after ad or causā (w. gen.) is a common way of expressing purpose.
They came to see the leader.
Ad ducem videndum vēnērunt.
They came to seize the bridge.
Pontis capiendī causā vēnērunt.
The gerundive construction is NOT used when the object of the gerund is ____ or ____.
Grammar
The gerundive construction is NOT used when the object of the gerund is a neuter pronoun or adjective.
Vērum investīgandī causā
For the sake of discovering the truth
The gerundive construction is NOT used when a series of ____ or ____ would result.
Grammar
The gerundive construction is NOT used when a series of -о̄rums or -ārums would result.
For the sake of taking up these arms
(Gerundive would be: Hо̄rum armо̄rum capiendо̄rum causā.)
Haec arma capiendī causā
As a rule only transitive verbs can be used in the gerundive; however, which verbs that were transitive in old Latin are regularly used in this gerundive construction?
Grammar
Ūtror, fruor, fungior, potior, which were transitive in old Latin, are regularly used in this gerundive construction.
In fungendо̄ mūnere
In performing the duty
(Lit.: In the duty-being-performed)
____ verbs are used in this gerundive construction.
Grammar
DEPONENT verbs are used in this gerundive construction.
In eīs sequendīs multās hо̄rās cо̄nsūmpsērunt.
They consumed many hours [in pursing them, in them-being-pursued].
Which forms are always used with the gerundive in the singular agreeing with them irrespective of gender or number?
Grammar
The forms meī, tuī, suī, nostrī, vestrī are always used with the gerundive in the singular agreeing with them irrespective of gender or number.
Nostrī servandī causā in castra fūgimus.
We fled into the camp to save ourselves.
(Nostrī refers to we in the ver fūgimus but the gerundive is servandī not servandо̄rum.)
Mulierēs suī cо̄nservandī causā fūgērunt.
The women fled to save themselves.
(Cо̄nservandī not cо̄nservandārum is used, although suī refers to the FEMININE PLURAL mulierēs.)
To express ____ or ____ the gerundive may be used as a predicate adjective with the proper form of the verb sum.
Grammar
To express OBLIGATION or NECESSITY the gerundive may be used as a predicate adjective with the proper form of the verb sum.
Deus laudandus est.
God is to-be-praised.
God should be praised.
God ought to be praised.
God must be praised.
God has to be praised.
It is necessary to praise God.
Vо̄s laudandī nо̄n estis.
You should not be praised.
Hoc faciendum nо̄n fuit.
This was not-to-be done.
This should not have been done.
As a predicate adjective, which rule does laudandus, a, um follow?
Grammar
As a predicate adjective laudandus, a, um follows the usual rule of agreement for predicate adjectives.
With transitive verbs use the gerundive ____.
Grammar
With transitive verbs use the gerundive personally.
Deus laudandus est.
God is to be praised.
Dīxī Deum laudandum esse.
I said God should be praised.
Rogāvit num Deus laudandus esset.
He asked whether God should be praised.
Translate:
Novum cо̄nsilium capiendum erit.
Exercise
A new plan will have to be made.
Form and translate the gerundive of this verb:
moneо̄
Exercise
monendus, a, um, to be warned, being warned, etc.
volens et potens
Review
willing and able
potúerim
potúeris
potúerit
potuérimus
potuéritis
potúerint
potuissem
potuisses
potuisset
potuissemus
potuissetis
potuissent
Review
to be able, can
perfect system subjunctive
irreg. verb
possum
potes
potest
póssumus
potestis
possunt
póteram
póteras
póterat
poteramus
poteratis
póterant
pótero
póteris
póterit
potérimus
potéritis
póterunt
Review
to be able, can
present system indicative
irreg. verb
possim
possis
possit
possimus
possitis
possint
possem
posses
posset
possemus
possetis
possent
Review
to be able, can
present system subjunctive
irreg. verb
pótui
potuisti
pótuit
potúimus
potuistis
potuerunt
potúeram
potúeras
potúerat
potueramus
potueratis
potúerant
potúero
potúeris
potúerit
potuérimus
potuéritis
potúerint
Review
to be able, can
perfect system indicative
irreg. verb
possum posse pótui – w/dat.
Review
possible
to be able, can
verb
praesum praeesse praefui praefuturus w/dat.
Review
present
to be in command of, in charge of
verb
