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Nutri LEC > Lesson 3 > Flashcards

Lesson 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Organic compounds that is composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

A

Carbohydrates

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2
Q

Hydrogen and oxygen usually occur in a ratio of ____ as in H2O

A

2:1

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3
Q

They provide the source energy of the body

A

Carbohydrates

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4
Q

Saccharides in carbohydrates

A

Starches and sugars

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5
Q

Dietary carbohydrates include the _______

A

Sugars, starches, fibers

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6
Q

Chemist describes sugars as:

A

Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Polysaccharides

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7
Q

Double sugars

A

Disaccharides

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8
Q

Single sugars

A

Monosaccharides

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9
Q

Compounds composed of chains of monosaccharide units

A

Polysaccharides

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10
Q

Starch and fibers are what?
choices: mono, di, or poly

A

Polysaccharides

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11
Q

Device that check blood sugar

A

Glucometer

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12
Q

Normal glucose in the body

A

70-100 mg/dL or 80-120 mg/dL

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13
Q

What are the three monosaccharides

A

Glucose
Fructose
Galactose

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14
Q

Main fuel of our cells

A

Glucose

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15
Q

Where can the body obtain glucose?

A

Carbohydrates

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16
Q

The sweetest of sugars

A

Fructose

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17
Q

Main source of energy

A

Glucose

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18
Q

This occurs in fruits, honey, and as part of table sugar

A

Fructose

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19
Q

It is consumed in sweet beverages such as softdrinks, in ready-to-eat cereals

A

Fructose

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20
Q

Most common monosaccharides

A

Glucose
Fructose

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21
Q

The third single sugar, occurs mostly as part of lactose

A

Galactose

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22
Q

What are the three disaccharides

A

Sucrose
Lactose
Maltose

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23
Q

The most familiar of the three disaccharides

A

Surcrose

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24
Q

This is what people mean when they speak of sugar

A

Sucrose

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25
It is usually obtained by refining the juice from sugar beets or sugarcane
Sugar (or Sucrose)
26
The sucrose splits into ______ and ______
Glucose and fructose
27
The principal carbohydrate of milk
Lactose
28
Lactose split into two parts
Glucose - galactose
29
The third disaccharide
Maltose
30
The maltose disaccharides consists of _______
Two glucose
31
It is produced whenever starch breaks down
Maltose
32
Three types polysaccharides
Glycogen Starch Fiber
33
This saccharides is composed of almost entirely glucose
Polysaccharides
34
Molecules that are "made of chains of glucose"
Glycogen
35
Where can glycogen be found?
Meats
36
Where glycogen cam be store in the human body?
Liver and muscles
37
A long, straight, or branched chain of hundreds or thousands of glucose linked together
Starch
38
These molecules are packed inside by sude in grains such as wheat and rice, potstoes
Starch
39
Are the structural parts of plants found in all plant derived food -vegetables
40
If blood glucose fall below normal, a person may become ____
Dizzy and weak
41
A disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose
Diabetes
42
Two hormones regulated in blood glucose homeostasis
Insulin and glucagon
43
It moves glucose from the blood into the cells
Insulin
44
Bring glucose OUT of storage when blood glucose falls
Glucagon
45
What is the first organ to respond when blood glucose arises
Pancreas
46
This organ releases hormone insulin
Pancreas
47
A hormone that is secreted by special cells in the pancreas in response to low blood glucose concentration
Glucagon
48
A member of class of compounds called lipids
Fats
49
The lipids in foods and in the human body include:
Triglycerides Phospholipids Sterols
50
Triglycerides consists of
Fats and oil
51
Give function of fats in the body
Energy stores Muscle fuels Padding Insulation Cell membranes Raw materials
52
The body's chief form of stored energy
Fats
53
When people talk about "I am too fat" or "The meat is fatty". This refers to:
Triglycerides
54
This predominate in the diet and the body
Triglycerides
55
Explain triglycerides
Three fatty acids attached to glycerol
56
Fat fragments are linked together
Fatty acids
57
What fats: solid at room temperature
Saturated fats
58
What fats: liquid at room temperature
Unsaturated fats
59
Solid at room temperature can be found in meats, butter, and dairy products
Saturated fats
60
Liquid at room temperature and can be found in vegetable oils
Unsaturated fats
61
The bad cholesterol
LDL / low-density lipoproteins
62
The good cholesterol
HDL / high-density lipoproteins
63
Where is LDL broken down
Liver
64
An unhealthy substance that is made through the chemical process of hydrogenation of oils
Trans fatty acids
65
Found in abundance of deep fried foods
Trans fatty acids
66
What are the essential fatty acids
Linoleic acid and linolenic acid
67
These fatty acids cannot be made from substances of the body, it must be obtained from food
Essential fatty acids
68
Two omegas?
Omega-3 fatty acid Omega-6 fatty acid
69
Three main classes of lipids
Triglycerides Phospholipids Sterol
70
Compounds that are similar to triglycerides but have choline
Phospholipids
71
They act as emulsifier in the body
Phospholipids
72
Are large, complex molecules consisiting of interconnected rings of carbon
Sterols
73
The most familiar sterol
Cholesterol
74
What foods are highest in cholesterol
Liver Kidneys Eggs
75
What organ manufactures the cholesterol
Liver
76
Another name for cholesterol synthesis
Cholesterogenesis
77
What aid in the digestion and absorption of fat
Bile
78
What do you call the package of lipids and proteins
Lipoproteins
79
A disease that cause heart attacks and stroke
Atherosclerosis

Nutri LEC (11 decks)

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