Lesson 3C (Part 3)

Question 1

Mastitis

Answer 1

Inflammation of the breast

Question 2

Puerperal mastitis

Answer 2

Inflammation of the breast related to lactation

- leads to acute mastitis

Question 3

Periductal mastitis

Answer 3

Uncommon, chronic, nonlactational inflammation that affects the subareolar structures

Question 4

Abscess

Answer 4

Acutely tender lump or swelling with erythema

Question 5

Erythema

Answer 5

Superficial reddening of the skin caused by inflammation

Question 6

How do abscesses appear on US? (4)

Answer 6

1. Complex fluid collection
2. Thick, irregular, or indistinct walls
3. Non uniform internal echoes or debris levels
4. Contains septations

Question 7

Mondor cord

Answer 7

Sclerosing thrombophlebitis of the subcutaneous veins of the anterior chest wall

Question 8

What is mondors cord associated with?

Answer 8

Patients who have had breast surgery

- eg) lumpectomy for breast cancer or breast augmentation

Question 9

What is the mondor cord?

Answer 9

Small cord like structure/vein which does not have any vascularity

Question 10

What is the appearance of mondor cord on US?

Answer 10

Beaded appearance with internal echoes

Question 11

Hematoma

Answer 11

Blood filled mass

Question 12

When may a hematoma occur? (3)

Answer 12

Following a…

1. Trauma
2. Biopsy
3. Surgery

Question 13

What can cause substantial cutaneous bruising?

Answer 13

Seatbelt injuries

Question 14

Seroma (2)

Answer 14

1. Accumulation of serum within a surgical cavity or biopsy site
2. They can be very painful and rapidly increase in size

Question 15

What can be performed as required to relieve symptoms?

Answer 15

Therapeutic ultrasound guided fine-needle aspiration

Question 16

Fat necrosis

Answer 16

Uncommon inflammatory and ischemic process that is the result of blunt trauma, surgery, radiotherapy or inflammation

Question 17

What does trauma that disrupts blood supply cause? (2)

Answer 17

1. Hemmorrhage

2. Liquefaction of a focal area of breast fat,

Question 18

What does hemmorrhage and liquefaction of a focal area of breast fat result in?

Answer 18

Necrosis

Question 19

What can necrosis progress to?

Answer 19

An oil cysts

Question 20

Post surgical scar

Answer 20

Is a scar that forms as connective tissue proliferates at the site of injury

Question 21

How does a post surgical scar appear on US? (5)

Answer 21

1. Irregular hypoechoic area
2. Acoustic shadowing
3. Architectural distortion at site
4. Skin thickening
5. Retraction
   - this is common

Question 22

How does scarring affect US imaging?

Answer 22

Makes it more difficult

- attenuation

Question 23

Fibroadenoma

Answer 23

Most common benign solid tumour of female breast

Question 24

What is the age group that fibroadenomas are more common?

Answer 24

15-35 years of age

Question 25

Who are fibroadenomas more common in?

Answer 25

Black females

Question 26

What is the sonographic appearance of fibroadenoma? (4)

Answer 26

1. Well circumscribed 2. Smooth 3. Solid ovoid mass 4. Subtle posterior enhancement

Question 27

What does colour doppler show on fibroedenoma?

Answer 27

Peripheral vessels

Question 28

How large are fibroadenomas?

Answer 28

< 3 cm | - usually

Question 29

Juvenile fibroadenomas

Answer 29

Giant fibroadenomas

Question 30

When do juvenile fibroadenomas grow quickly?

Answer 30

During adolescence